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Nature Communications:惊!致肥胖道路上又遇一大波劲敌

2017-08-14 中国生物技术网 中国生物技术网

近日发表在《Nature Communications》的一项新研究详细描述了美国西达斯西奈医院的研究人员利用他们开发的一种新平台,测试化学物质(内分泌干扰物)对人类的影响。


添加到早餐燕麦片和其他日常食物中的化学物质会让我们发胖吗?来自动物实验的越来越多的证据表明答案是肯定的。但是直到目前为止,将这些发现在人身上验证仍然面临着很大的障碍。



近日发表在《Nature Communications》的一项新研究详细描述了美国西达斯西奈医院的研究人员利用他们开发的一种新平台,测试化学物质(内分泌干扰物)对人类的影响。



本研究中测试的三种化学物质在现代生活中普遍存在,二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)是一种抗氧化剂,常常被加入到早餐燕麦片和其他食物中用于保存营养且防止脂肪腐坏;全氟辛酸(PFOA)是一种高分子聚合物,存在于炊具、地毯等产品中;三丁基锡(TBT)是一种涂料中的化合物,它会通过水体进入到海鲜中。

研究人员使用从人类干细胞生长激素产生的组织来证明这些化学物质的慢性暴露如何干扰从消化系统发送到大脑的信号,这种信号能够让人感觉到自己“饱了”。当该信号系统出现问题时,人们往往会吃得更多,从而导致肥胖。

Dhruv Sareen博士是西达斯-西奈理事会再生医学研究所诱导性多功能干细胞核部门的负责人,他说:“我们发现,我们发现这些化学物质中的每一种都会损害肠道和大脑之间的激素。当我们对三种物质同时测试时,所产生的压力更加显著。”

在三种物质中,BHT产生的危害作用最明显。



在过去已经有一些科学证明这些物质会对实验室动物的内分泌系统产生影响,但该研究首次利用人类多能干细胞和组织证明这些物质扰乱激素,而这些激素对于肠-脑通信来说非常重要,该信号能够预防肥胖。

再生医学专家Clive Svendsen博士说:“这是一项里程碑式的研究,它显著地提升了我们对内分泌干扰物如何破坏人类内分泌系统的理解,对于日益肥胖问题也有贡献。”

用于该研究的新型测试系统能够提供急需的、安全的、经济的方法用于评估环境中成千上万的化学物质对健康的影响。

Sareen和他的团队首先采集了成年人的血液样本,然后通过引入重编程基因将细胞转化为诱导多能干细胞。之后,研究人员将这些干细胞培养成为人类上皮组织,其排列了调节食欲和代谢的大脑下丘脑区域的肠道和神经元组织。



图像来源:论文

之后研究人员让这些组织分别接触BHT, PFOA 和TBT,或者同时接触这三种物质,观察细胞内部发生了什么。他们发现,这些化学物质扰乱了通过提供信号激素以维持自身结构并将激素运输至细胞外的网络,从而使它们失效。这些物质还会破坏线粒体,这是一种将食物和氧气转化为能量并驱使人体新陈代谢的细胞器。

因为这些化学破坏发生在早期的“年轻”细胞中,研究表明,有缺陷的内分泌系统可能会影响孕妇和子宫中的胚胎。还有其他的科学家通过动物研究发现,内分泌干扰物的影响会被传递给后代,但这一过程尚未在人体上得到证实。

根据美国“国家毒理学计划”,在美国,有超过8万种注册使用的化学物质,在各种日常物品中,包括食物、个人护理产品、家庭清洁用品和草坪护理产品等。该项目在网站上称,只有很少的化学物质会对人类健康造成风险,但是我们并不知道很多化学物质到底对健康有什么影响。

成本和伦理问题,包括人类受测对象接触有害物质的风险,是测试这些化学物质安全性的主要障碍。所以,很多广泛使用的物质仍然没有进行人体安全风险评估,尤其是对于内分泌系统。

Sareen说:“通过在实验室中使用真正的人体组织来测试这些化学物质,我们可以使得此类评估变得更容易,更经济。”

原始出处:

Rajamani U, Gross AR, Ocampo C,et,al.Endocrine disruptors induce perturbations in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of human pluripotent stem cell derivatives.Nat Commun. 2017 Aug 9;8(1):219. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00254-8.

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    2018-05-10 liuli5079
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    2018-05-04 liye789132251
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    2017-08-15 186****0580(小山羊)

    学习了谢谢了

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