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气管插管误入食管,处理要快!

2016-11-13 李鸿政 医学界急诊与重症频道

气管插管是ICU最常见、最重要的操作技能,也是每一个ICU医生必须掌握的基本绝招。遇到一些上呼吸道梗阻(比如痰堵或其他异物等)、心跳呼吸骤停、急性呼吸衰竭等患者,如果能及时建立人工气道,可把患者从鬼门关拉回来,故气管插管的重要性不言而喻,今天我们就来说说气管插管的并发症。如果问,气管插管最危险的并发症是什么?答案十有八九是导管误入食管!如何判断导管位置?气管插管导管误入食管,如果没有及时发现及时处

气管插管是ICU最常见、最重要的操作技能,也是每一个ICU医生必须掌握的基本绝招。遇到一些上呼吸道梗阻(比如痰堵或其他异物等)、心跳呼吸骤停、急性呼吸衰竭等患者,如果能及时建立人工气道,可把患者从鬼门关拉回来,故气管插管的重要性不言而喻,今天我们就来说说气管插管的并发症。


如果问,气管插管最危险的并发症是什么?答案十有八九是导管误入食管


如何判断导管位置?


气管插管导管误入食管,如果没有及时发现及时处理,后果十分严重,尤其是ICU患者的生理储备功能本身就差,经不起多番折腾。由于误入食管可致命,所以插入气管导管后必须立即确认气管导管位置正确,但目前尚无一种确定导管位置的方法能保证导管万无一失地插入气管内(其实应该是有的,我们后面详细说到)。下面我们主要介绍常见的判断导管位置的方法:


1)直视声门:尽可能在直视声门情况下插入导管!如果我们自己亲眼见到导管完美地落入气管,那应该没有疑问。但有时候声门暴露并不能满意,见不到声门,也就无法直视进入,或者在临门一脚时导管滑入食管都是有可能,不要高兴地太早。


2)听诊双肺及上腹部: 插管后,自己捏球囊,双肺听诊最好在双侧腋窝上部,可减少对侧呼吸音传导所致的影响。导管位置正确时,可听见双侧呼吸音,而上腹部应该没有气过水声,或者胸部呼吸音强或上腹部不明显时则考虑导管在气管内。但有几点需要注意:①仍有自主呼吸的患者即使导管误入食管也仍有可能听到呼吸音;②肺气肿或肺大泡患者呼吸音本身就低;③胃切除或空腹的患者可能胃部气过水声并不明显;④体型肥胖的患者可能听肺、胃的声音都不明显。这时候可以快速捏皮球几次,如果能在肺部听到与我们捏皮球频率对应的呼吸音则比较肯定位于气管,但仍要结合其他方法进行综合判断。


3)SpO2变化:管后SpO2不升反降,应警惕误入食管或主支气管,但也有可能是患者病情原因。


导管位于气管内的判断依据有哪些?


1)看水蒸气、听水流声:插管位置正确时,可观察到呼气相导管内充满水蒸气,而在吸气相消失,因为只有气管才有气体出来,或者在导管口可听到较响亮的气流声(患者仍有自主呼吸时)。但这个也并非100%,曾经有报道插入食管后导管也有水蒸气,并也能听到气流声,原因可能是在导管误入食管后,我们用球囊或呼吸机通气了一小段时间,胃部已经有一定量的气体,这会影响我们的判断。


2)观察通气时胸廓起伏及胃部情况:如果通气后胸廓起伏不明显,腹部明显膨隆,伴气管内胃内容物反流,则可能不在气道。但也有例外,对于体型较为肥胖的患者,即使导管位于气管内,通气时胸廓未必有明显起伏,但若有气管食管瘘,即使导管位于气管内,腹部也可能逐渐膨胀!


3)接呼吸机看呼出气的流速波形:如果流速波形良好,则提示位于气管内。因为胃的顺应性没有肺好,所以导管在气管和在胃时的波形大不一样。这个方法可以说是比较准确可靠。


4)监测呼气末CO2(PetCO2):这是确定导管在气管内标准的方法,正常PetCO2为35-45mmHg,但在食管内插管也可能检测到低浓度的CO2,特别是球囊面罩通气先将呼出气鼓入胃中,但此时呼出气的CO2浓度随反复呼吸逐渐下降,而在气管时,呼出气CO2应该保持恒定。而且,在气管和在食管,波形是不一样的。如果降低除了见于导管位于食管外,还见于气道阻塞,导管连接脱落、心跳停止、肺栓塞、心输出量下降、过度换气等。


5)紧急床旁纤维支气管镜:如果可以见到隆突及支气管开口,则确定在气管内,这是肯定无疑的了。从这一点来讲,这是判断导管在气管的最为可靠的方法。但如果术者在紧急时刻、尤其是困难插管时,可能无法看清纤支镜下情况(现场环境千变万化),也就不能满意判断,尤其是新手。


6)观察腹部:患者腹部逐渐膨胀,这是肯定有问题的,最大的可能是导管落入食管。必须认真鉴别!


以上基本上概括了所有的判断导管位于气管或食管的方法,尽管可以采用上述任何一种方法,但确实没有哪一种方法能够可靠地迅速地排除食管插管。但综合所有方法是最靠近真相的,比如听肺呼吸音、有气流声、有水蒸气、接呼吸机波形好、血氧上升、能从导管吸出痰、纤支镜看到隆突等,呵呵,肯定无疑在气管。如果综合以上方法均不能判断,且病情恶化,血氧下降,应果断拔除气管插管,重新插,或请有经验的医生帮忙,期间扣上面罩,保持患者通气。


前辈们教导:患者不会因为插不上管而死亡,只会因为缺氧而死亡。有人问,有没有能100%保证不插在食管的方法?


高手回答:有的!那就是不要插管。


犯了气管插管误入食管这样的错误并不可耻,关键是要及早发现,尽早处理!否则后果很严重!



参考文献:

[1] 协和内科医师手册.第二版

[2] 麻省总医院危重病医学手册.第四册

[3]  ICU主治医师手册.第二版

[4] 实用重症医学.2010

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#插入话题
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    2016-12-08 Bigkouokuo

    查完,纤支镜看看。

    0

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    2016-11-21 往日如昨

    正确的判断

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=161072, encodeId=49381610e211, content=查完,纤支镜看看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=66021979053, createdName=Bigkouokuo, createdTime=Thu Dec 08 02:17:19 CST 2016, time=2016-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157251, encodeId=00b815e2517f, content=正确的判断, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:22:48 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157250, encodeId=335015e2507b, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:22:05 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157248, encodeId=768815e24899, content=值得分享谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:20:48 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157247, encodeId=4cb115e247bb, content=有时直视下插管不容易做到, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:20:18 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=156920, encodeId=d25515692095, content=基本上插完管后多观察一下,多用几种方法,比如呼吸音+气过水声+管口水蒸气+呼吸机波形,并不费事,但出错的可能性就很少了。关键还是要有这个意识,不要以为插管结束就万事大吉掉以轻心。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5661981269, createdName=白衣恶魔, createdTime=Sat Nov 19 22:33:33 CST 2016, time=2016-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1437162, encodeId=40e0143e162eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e311010591a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101059, encryptionId=0e311010591a, topicName=食管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Tue Nov 15 10:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1472344, encodeId=093e14e2344ba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4ea863841a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#气管插管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63841, encryptionId=4ea863841a9, topicName=气管插管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb5b7213173, createdName=yangfl08, createdTime=Tue Nov 15 10:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155751, encodeId=ff36155e515c, content=细节决定成败,学习了,多谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=84e21956153, createdName=1e1263e3m20(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Nov 14 20:14:54 CST 2016, time=2016-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155747, encodeId=984a155e47ef, content=气管插管接触很少, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Mon Nov 14 19:50:47 CST 2016, time=2016-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-21 往日如昨

    继续学习

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=161072, encodeId=49381610e211, content=查完,纤支镜看看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=66021979053, createdName=Bigkouokuo, createdTime=Thu Dec 08 02:17:19 CST 2016, time=2016-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157251, encodeId=00b815e2517f, content=正确的判断, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:22:48 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157250, encodeId=335015e2507b, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:22:05 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157248, encodeId=768815e24899, content=值得分享谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:20:48 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157247, encodeId=4cb115e247bb, content=有时直视下插管不容易做到, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:20:18 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=156920, encodeId=d25515692095, content=基本上插完管后多观察一下,多用几种方法,比如呼吸音+气过水声+管口水蒸气+呼吸机波形,并不费事,但出错的可能性就很少了。关键还是要有这个意识,不要以为插管结束就万事大吉掉以轻心。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5661981269, createdName=白衣恶魔, createdTime=Sat Nov 19 22:33:33 CST 2016, time=2016-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1437162, encodeId=40e0143e162eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e311010591a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101059, encryptionId=0e311010591a, topicName=食管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Tue Nov 15 10:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1472344, encodeId=093e14e2344ba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4ea863841a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#气管插管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63841, encryptionId=4ea863841a9, topicName=气管插管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb5b7213173, createdName=yangfl08, createdTime=Tue Nov 15 10:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155751, encodeId=ff36155e515c, content=细节决定成败,学习了,多谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=84e21956153, createdName=1e1263e3m20(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Nov 14 20:14:54 CST 2016, time=2016-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155747, encodeId=984a155e47ef, content=气管插管接触很少, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Mon Nov 14 19:50:47 CST 2016, time=2016-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-21 往日如昨

    值得分享谢谢

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=161072, encodeId=49381610e211, content=查完,纤支镜看看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=66021979053, createdName=Bigkouokuo, createdTime=Thu Dec 08 02:17:19 CST 2016, time=2016-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157251, encodeId=00b815e2517f, content=正确的判断, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:22:48 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157250, encodeId=335015e2507b, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:22:05 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157248, encodeId=768815e24899, content=值得分享谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:20:48 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157247, encodeId=4cb115e247bb, content=有时直视下插管不容易做到, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:20:18 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=156920, encodeId=d25515692095, content=基本上插完管后多观察一下,多用几种方法,比如呼吸音+气过水声+管口水蒸气+呼吸机波形,并不费事,但出错的可能性就很少了。关键还是要有这个意识,不要以为插管结束就万事大吉掉以轻心。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5661981269, createdName=白衣恶魔, createdTime=Sat Nov 19 22:33:33 CST 2016, time=2016-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1437162, encodeId=40e0143e162eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e311010591a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101059, encryptionId=0e311010591a, topicName=食管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Tue Nov 15 10:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1472344, encodeId=093e14e2344ba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4ea863841a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#气管插管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63841, encryptionId=4ea863841a9, topicName=气管插管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb5b7213173, createdName=yangfl08, createdTime=Tue Nov 15 10:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155751, encodeId=ff36155e515c, content=细节决定成败,学习了,多谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=84e21956153, createdName=1e1263e3m20(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Nov 14 20:14:54 CST 2016, time=2016-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155747, encodeId=984a155e47ef, content=气管插管接触很少, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Mon Nov 14 19:50:47 CST 2016, time=2016-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-21 往日如昨

    有时直视下插管不容易做到

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=161072, encodeId=49381610e211, content=查完,纤支镜看看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=66021979053, createdName=Bigkouokuo, createdTime=Thu Dec 08 02:17:19 CST 2016, time=2016-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157251, encodeId=00b815e2517f, content=正确的判断, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:22:48 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157250, encodeId=335015e2507b, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:22:05 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157248, encodeId=768815e24899, content=值得分享谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:20:48 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157247, encodeId=4cb115e247bb, content=有时直视下插管不容易做到, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:20:18 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=156920, encodeId=d25515692095, content=基本上插完管后多观察一下,多用几种方法,比如呼吸音+气过水声+管口水蒸气+呼吸机波形,并不费事,但出错的可能性就很少了。关键还是要有这个意识,不要以为插管结束就万事大吉掉以轻心。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5661981269, createdName=白衣恶魔, createdTime=Sat Nov 19 22:33:33 CST 2016, time=2016-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1437162, encodeId=40e0143e162eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e311010591a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101059, encryptionId=0e311010591a, topicName=食管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Tue Nov 15 10:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1472344, encodeId=093e14e2344ba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4ea863841a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#气管插管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63841, encryptionId=4ea863841a9, topicName=气管插管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb5b7213173, createdName=yangfl08, createdTime=Tue Nov 15 10:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155751, encodeId=ff36155e515c, content=细节决定成败,学习了,多谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=84e21956153, createdName=1e1263e3m20(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Nov 14 20:14:54 CST 2016, time=2016-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155747, encodeId=984a155e47ef, content=气管插管接触很少, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Mon Nov 14 19:50:47 CST 2016, time=2016-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-19 白衣恶魔

    基本上插完管后多观察一下,多用几种方法,比如呼吸音+气过水声+管口水蒸气+呼吸机波形,并不费事,但出错的可能性就很少了。关键还是要有这个意识,不要以为插管结束就万事大吉掉以轻心。

    0

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    2016-11-15 zhouqu_8
  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=161072, encodeId=49381610e211, content=查完,纤支镜看看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=66021979053, createdName=Bigkouokuo, createdTime=Thu Dec 08 02:17:19 CST 2016, time=2016-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157251, encodeId=00b815e2517f, content=正确的判断, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:22:48 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157250, encodeId=335015e2507b, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:22:05 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157248, encodeId=768815e24899, content=值得分享谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:20:48 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157247, encodeId=4cb115e247bb, content=有时直视下插管不容易做到, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:20:18 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=156920, encodeId=d25515692095, content=基本上插完管后多观察一下,多用几种方法,比如呼吸音+气过水声+管口水蒸气+呼吸机波形,并不费事,但出错的可能性就很少了。关键还是要有这个意识,不要以为插管结束就万事大吉掉以轻心。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5661981269, createdName=白衣恶魔, createdTime=Sat Nov 19 22:33:33 CST 2016, time=2016-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1437162, encodeId=40e0143e162eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e311010591a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101059, encryptionId=0e311010591a, topicName=食管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Tue Nov 15 10:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1472344, encodeId=093e14e2344ba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4ea863841a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#气管插管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63841, encryptionId=4ea863841a9, topicName=气管插管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb5b7213173, createdName=yangfl08, createdTime=Tue Nov 15 10:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155751, encodeId=ff36155e515c, content=细节决定成败,学习了,多谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=84e21956153, createdName=1e1263e3m20(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Nov 14 20:14:54 CST 2016, time=2016-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155747, encodeId=984a155e47ef, content=气管插管接触很少, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Mon Nov 14 19:50:47 CST 2016, time=2016-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=161072, encodeId=49381610e211, content=查完,纤支镜看看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=66021979053, createdName=Bigkouokuo, createdTime=Thu Dec 08 02:17:19 CST 2016, time=2016-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157251, encodeId=00b815e2517f, content=正确的判断, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:22:48 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157250, encodeId=335015e2507b, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:22:05 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157248, encodeId=768815e24899, content=值得分享谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:20:48 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157247, encodeId=4cb115e247bb, content=有时直视下插管不容易做到, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 10:20:18 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=156920, encodeId=d25515692095, content=基本上插完管后多观察一下,多用几种方法,比如呼吸音+气过水声+管口水蒸气+呼吸机波形,并不费事,但出错的可能性就很少了。关键还是要有这个意识,不要以为插管结束就万事大吉掉以轻心。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5661981269, createdName=白衣恶魔, createdTime=Sat Nov 19 22:33:33 CST 2016, time=2016-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1437162, encodeId=40e0143e162eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e311010591a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101059, encryptionId=0e311010591a, topicName=食管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Tue Nov 15 10:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1472344, encodeId=093e14e2344ba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4ea863841a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#气管插管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63841, encryptionId=4ea863841a9, topicName=气管插管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb5b7213173, createdName=yangfl08, createdTime=Tue Nov 15 10:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155751, encodeId=ff36155e515c, content=细节决定成败,学习了,多谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=84e21956153, createdName=1e1263e3m20(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Nov 14 20:14:54 CST 2016, time=2016-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155747, encodeId=984a155e47ef, content=气管插管接触很少, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Mon Nov 14 19:50:47 CST 2016, time=2016-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-14 1e1263e3m20(暂无匿称)

    细节决定成败,学习了,多谢分享

    0

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    2016-11-14 187清风

    气管插管接触很少

    0

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JAMA:腹部手术后发生低氧性呼吸衰竭的患者使用无创通气更能减少气管插管的风险

目前为止,对于无创性机械通气(NIV)是否可减少腹部手术后发生低氧性急性呼吸衰竭的患者有创机械通气的使用率尚无定论。

Lancet Respir Med:应限制困难气管插管患儿直接喉镜次数

尽管建立了儿童气道管理漏洞,但关于困难气管插管患儿目前知之甚少。为了解决这个问题,研究人员进行了一项多中心注册试验(小儿困难气管插管(PeDI)来描述困难气管插管的风险因素,建立气管插管技术的成功率,困难气管插管患儿的并发症目录,以及尝试建立两个以上气管插管对患儿的影响。 研究人员收纳了来自美国13家儿童医院的小儿困难气管插管(PeDI)气管插管数据。研究人员建立了标准的数据收集方法实现安全的注

JAMA:头盔式无创通气可显著降低ARDS患者的气管插管率

对于急性呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS)患者来说,经面罩无创通气(NIV)并不能有效预防气管内插管。而经头盔式NIV或是更好的一种治疗方式。本研究旨在确定经头盔NIV能否降低ARDS患者的气管插管率。采用中心随机临床试验设计,共纳入了2012年10月3日至2015年9月21日在芝加哥大学内科ICU需要接受经面罩进行NIV至少8小时的83名ARDS患者(45%为女性;中位年龄为59岁;中位APACHE I

头罩式无创通气!看起来有点酷

无创通气可以避免气管插管和气管切开引起的很多并发症,近年来得到了广泛的推广和应用。

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