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CRISPR彩虹:同步实时追踪细胞内七个基因组位点

2016-04-21 MedSci MedSci原创

在一项新的研究中,来自美国马萨诸塞大学医学院的研究人员利用CRISPR/Cas9开发出一种新的被称作CRISPRainbow(CRISPR彩虹)的技术,这一技术允许科学家们标记和追踪活细胞中多达7个不同的基因组位点。这一标记系统将是一种宝贵的工具用于实时研究基因组结构。相关研究结果于2016年4月18日在线发表在Nature Biotechnology期刊上,论文标题为“Multiplexed l

在一项新的研究中,来自美国马萨诸塞大学医学院的研究人员利用CRISPR/Cas9开发出一种新的被称作CRISPRainbow(CRISPR彩虹)的技术,这一技术允许科学家们标记和追踪活细胞中多达7个不同的基因组位点。这一标记系统将是一种宝贵的工具用于实时研究基因组结构。相关研究结果于2016年4月18日在线发表在Nature Biotechnology期刊上,论文标题为“Multiplexed labeling of genomic loci with dCas9 and engineered sgRNAs using CRISPRainbow”。论文第一作者兼论文通信作者Hanhui Ma说,“大多数人利用CRISPR对基因组进行编辑。我们正在利用它标记DNA和追踪活细胞中的DNA运动。”与Ma搭档的是马萨诸塞大学医学院生物化学与分子药理学教授Thoru Pederson博士。



Ma和Pederson说,了解活细胞中的基因组元件的精确位置是理解染色体动态变化的关键,这是因为控制我们生物学特征和健康的基因按照它们在三维空间中的位置来发挥作用的。对一个准备进行转录和翻译的基因而言,它在染色体必须是能够可接触到的。在拥挤的细胞核中,DNA所在的位置在包括胚胎发育到癌症在内的过程中发挥着重要作用。

然而,当前的技术一次最多只能够追踪活细胞中的三个基因组位点。若要标记上更多位点,则要求将细胞浸泡在甲醛中,让它们固定,而这种浸泡会杀死它们,并且使得人们不可能观察染色体的结构随着时间的推移或者对刺激物作出反应时如何作出改变。

为了克服这个技术难题,Ma和Pederson寻求CRISPR/Cas9的帮助。为了利用CRISPR/Cas9复合体对基因组的特定位点进行标记,他们让核酸酶Cas9发生基因突变使其失活,因而这种酶只能够结合到DNA上,但是不能够切割基因组。一旦失活,CRISPR/Cas9在向导RNA(gRNA)的引导下结合到基因组上的特定位点,而且研究人员能够对gRNA进行编辑,使得gRNA根据需要能够结合到不同的靶位点。

为了观察和追踪结合到基因组上的CRISPR/Cas9复合体,Ma对gRNA进行基因改造,让它与三种主要的荧光蛋白中---红色荧光蛋白、绿色荧光蛋白和蓝色荧光蛋白---的一种融合在一起。这些蛋白就可以在显微镜下实时观察和追踪到。通过附着它们当中的第二种荧光蛋白到这个向导RNA上,Ma能够将这三种主要的荧光颜色两两组合,产生另外三种颜色:青色、洋红色和黄色。第七种颜色是将这三种颜色组合在一起时形成的白色。

Pederson解释道,“计算机通过与显微镜中的光谱过滤器相结合读取这些颜色,并且按照你需要的颜色显示它们。比如,红色和绿色组合在一起就变成黄色。利用这三种主要的颜色和这种被称作计算着色(computational coloring)的方法,我们能够产生另外三种颜色。”

CRISPRainbow技术让研究人员能够同时确定多达7种不同的DNA位点,每种位点对应一种不同的颜色。在活细胞中采用这种技术更能体现这种技术的威力,这是因为它能够追踪基因组的动态的拓扑运动,这可能具有重要的生物学影响。

论文共同作者、马萨诸塞大学医学院生物化学与药理学助理教授David Grunwald博士实验室博士后研究员Li-Chun Tu博士说,“利用这种技术,我们能够在不同的时间点上可视化观察不同的染色体位点。我们能够监控它们从而观察这些位点移动多远和多快。凭借这一点,我们能够观察这些结构变化如何影响正在表达的基因以及它们与健康和疾病的关系。”

作为马萨诸塞大学医学院的一名研究基因组三维结构的先驱,Job Dekker博士(未参与这项研究)对CRISPRainbow技术充满热情。Dekker博士说,“通常,当我们研究细胞中的基因组结构时,我们获得这种结构的快照图片,而且我们希望在当这个细胞对某种事情作出反应5分钟后,我们能够观察它看起来将会是什么样子。这一系统允许人们实时地追踪这种变化。我认为它一种非常重要的新技术。

原始出处:
Ma H, Tu LC, Naseri A, Huisman M, Zhang S, Grunwald D, Pederson T. Multiplexed labeling of genomic loci with dCas9 and engineered sgRNAs using CRISPRainbow. Nat Biotechnol. 2016 Apr 18. doi: 10.1038/nbt.3526

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=82398, encodeId=3c51823981b, content=太牛了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELaQBNibpuZ0aRbWKgR0puf0vibBuZ7gIkKCXEqibYyJXVhsnibpCuhlqHGWRyvHMdFwm4UXjcpPUFLkw/0, createdBy=2f0f1714785, createdName=wxsession8b50a880, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 08:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275867, encodeId=146f12e58678b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Sat Apr 23 06:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80396, encodeId=b8b08039600, content=看不懂,太高级啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160307/IMG56DD346053F0D5538.jpg, createdBy=7bed1697174, createdName=那夏花开, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 09:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80079, encodeId=f4ad800e9fe, content=学习了,长知识了~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cache2.medsci.cn/upload/content/day_160326/201603262025001865.jpg, createdBy=c7881618185, createdName=qian0416, createdTime=Thu Apr 21 21:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80029, encodeId=d1be800292c, content=学习了长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEJJAFMgSjibMicGVUgkmDBw4svXiccQxZicwjRHNxGPTghAmITxP12Rcmm0yFKfwGwUaiaUwpPUUUTOd2g/0, createdBy=fcd21609070, createdName=hekzn, createdTime=Thu Apr 21 19:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-24 wxsession8b50a880

    太牛了

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=82398, encodeId=3c51823981b, content=太牛了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELaQBNibpuZ0aRbWKgR0puf0vibBuZ7gIkKCXEqibYyJXVhsnibpCuhlqHGWRyvHMdFwm4UXjcpPUFLkw/0, createdBy=2f0f1714785, createdName=wxsession8b50a880, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 08:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275867, encodeId=146f12e58678b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Sat Apr 23 06:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80396, encodeId=b8b08039600, content=看不懂,太高级啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160307/IMG56DD346053F0D5538.jpg, createdBy=7bed1697174, createdName=那夏花开, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 09:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80079, encodeId=f4ad800e9fe, content=学习了,长知识了~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cache2.medsci.cn/upload/content/day_160326/201603262025001865.jpg, createdBy=c7881618185, createdName=qian0416, createdTime=Thu Apr 21 21:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80029, encodeId=d1be800292c, content=学习了长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEJJAFMgSjibMicGVUgkmDBw4svXiccQxZicwjRHNxGPTghAmITxP12Rcmm0yFKfwGwUaiaUwpPUUUTOd2g/0, createdBy=fcd21609070, createdName=hekzn, createdTime=Thu Apr 21 19:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-23 yuandd
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=82398, encodeId=3c51823981b, content=太牛了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELaQBNibpuZ0aRbWKgR0puf0vibBuZ7gIkKCXEqibYyJXVhsnibpCuhlqHGWRyvHMdFwm4UXjcpPUFLkw/0, createdBy=2f0f1714785, createdName=wxsession8b50a880, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 08:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275867, encodeId=146f12e58678b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Sat Apr 23 06:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80396, encodeId=b8b08039600, content=看不懂,太高级啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160307/IMG56DD346053F0D5538.jpg, createdBy=7bed1697174, createdName=那夏花开, createdTime=Fri Apr 22 09:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80079, encodeId=f4ad800e9fe, content=学习了,长知识了~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cache2.medsci.cn/upload/content/day_160326/201603262025001865.jpg, createdBy=c7881618185, createdName=qian0416, createdTime=Thu Apr 21 21:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=80029, encodeId=d1be800292c, content=学习了长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEJJAFMgSjibMicGVUgkmDBw4svXiccQxZicwjRHNxGPTghAmITxP12Rcmm0yFKfwGwUaiaUwpPUUUTOd2g/0, createdBy=fcd21609070, createdName=hekzn, createdTime=Thu Apr 21 19:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-22 那夏花开

    看不懂,太高级啦

    0

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    2016-04-21 qian0416

    学习了,长知识了~

    0

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    2016-04-21 hekzn

    学习了长知识

    0

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