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常见消化道瘘的影像学表现--直肠-阴道瘘

2015-02-03 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院 蒋涛 中国医学论坛报

直肠阴道瘘是指直肠前壁和阴道后壁之间形成的病理性通道,常见病因包括产伤、炎性肠病、手术创伤、感染(直肠周围、盆腔脓肿、憩室炎、前庭大腺炎、盆底炎性疾病)、盆底新生物和盆底放疗(主要是宫颈癌放疗)后等,不常见原因包括硬化剂内痔注射后、直肠阴道损伤、放射性阴道纤维化行扩张治疗后、吻合器痔上黏膜环切术后等。 MRI是显示直肠阴道瘘的主要影像学检查手段,除显示瘘管本身外,对于形成直肠阴道瘘的原因

直肠阴道瘘是指直肠前壁和阴道后壁之间形成的病理性通道,常见病因包括产伤、炎性肠病、手术创伤、感染(直肠周围、盆腔脓肿、憩室炎、前庭大腺炎、盆底炎性疾病)、盆底新生物和盆底放疗(主要是宫颈癌放疗)后等,不常见原因包括硬化剂内痔注射后、直肠阴道损伤、放射性阴道纤维化行扩张治疗后、吻合器痔上黏膜环切术后等。

MRI是显示直肠阴道瘘的主要影像学检查手段,除显示瘘管本身外,对于形成直肠阴道瘘的原因如恶性肿瘤、局部炎症改变及放疗相关的纤维化和组织粘连等的显示效果均较好。

瘘管的MRI表现取决于其内所含成分,T2WI呈高信号(液体)或无信号(气体)或出现气液平面,阴道后壁及直肠前壁肌层信号连续性中断,增强扫描瘘管可出现管道状强化。当然瘘管及瘘口较小时可能会出现假阴性结果。

CT与MRI相比,扫描速度较快,对于不能完成MRI检查的幽闭恐惧患者可以选择CT检查。多层螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术可以直接显示瘘管,在扫描前口服水溶性造影剂对瘘管的显示更加清晰,同时可以发现阴道及直肠壁瘘口。据报道,阴道造影对于直肠阴道瘘的显示效果优于下消化道造影,可发现多条瘘管和瘘口,同时避免下消化道造影钡剂瘘入盆腔,但现在临床很少用阴道造影。

图 患者女性,34岁。直肠阴道瘘。MR矢状位及横断位T2WI及矢状位增强扫描T1WI显示阴道后壁及直肠前壁连续性中断,二者管腔相通-直肠阴道瘘。下消化道造影显示直肠内造影剂进入阴道


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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16628, encodeId=ca93166286b, content=非常好的文章,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Sat Feb 21 10:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16549, encodeId=0d611654968, content=?学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Thu Feb 19 23:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16550, encodeId=080b165507a, content=?学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Thu Feb 19 23:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1464504, encodeId=3f5414645040c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=32e765e6591' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消化道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65765, encryptionId=32e765e6591, topicName=消化道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7b6e6676048, createdName=changhe715, createdTime=Thu Feb 05 00:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-21 orthoW

    非常好的文章,学习

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16628, encodeId=ca93166286b, content=非常好的文章,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Sat Feb 21 10:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16549, encodeId=0d611654968, content=?学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Thu Feb 19 23:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16550, encodeId=080b165507a, content=?学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Thu Feb 19 23:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1464504, encodeId=3f5414645040c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=32e765e6591' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消化道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65765, encryptionId=32e765e6591, topicName=消化道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7b6e6676048, createdName=changhe715, createdTime=Thu Feb 05 00:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-19 orthoW

    ?学习了

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16628, encodeId=ca93166286b, content=非常好的文章,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Sat Feb 21 10:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16549, encodeId=0d611654968, content=?学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Thu Feb 19 23:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16550, encodeId=080b165507a, content=?学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Thu Feb 19 23:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1464504, encodeId=3f5414645040c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=32e765e6591' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消化道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65765, encryptionId=32e765e6591, topicName=消化道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7b6e6676048, createdName=changhe715, createdTime=Thu Feb 05 00:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-19 orthoW

    ?学习了

    0

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