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Cell:降糖、抗癌、抗衰老……揭秘二甲双胍为什么“神”

2018-11-02 探索菌 生物碳素

二甲双胍有很大的潜能,除了治疗2型糖尿病之外,还具有抗衰老、抗癌、改善自闭症症状、逆转肺纤维化等多重用途。为什么“神药”如此之神?近日,科学家们找到了关键原因。

二甲双胍有很大的潜能,除了治疗2型糖尿病之外,还具有抗衰老、抗癌、改善自闭症症状、逆转肺纤维化等多重用途。为什么“神药”如此之神?近日,科学家们找到了关键原因。

10月25日,《Cell》期刊发表这一篇题为“Changes of Cell Biochemical States Are Revealed in Protein Homomeric Complex Dynamics”的文章,揭示了二甲双胍在细胞内的作用细节,进一步解释了二甲双胍在预防各种慢性疾病上的潜力,包括癌症。

来自蒙特利尔大学、伦敦Francis Crick研究所的科学家们发现,二甲双胍会让细胞呈现出类似于缺乏铁元素的状态。这种模拟“铁饥饿”的方式可以促进细胞更好地摄取、使用葡萄糖,从而实现了防治效果。

01 模拟缺铁,促进糖代谢

蒙特利尔大学的生物化学教授Stephen Michnick带领团队开发了一种新技术——hdPCA,能够以非侵入性的廉价方式,快速预测和确认药物是如何影响细胞的。

他们发现,二甲双胍对于细胞内铁的分布有着全面的影响,进而导致基本的生化过程发生变化。早前已有研究表明铁代谢和糖尿病之间存在关联,但是却没有直接的证据。基于最新的发现,研究人员推测,二甲双胍引发的葡萄糖代谢可能依赖于模拟缺铁引发的化学反应。

研究人员强调,仍然需要进一步的细胞和动物试验,以确定二甲双胍模拟铁饥饿对葡萄糖代谢的重要性。这将有利于更好地利用这种机制来改善糖尿病治疗。

02 其他重要的机制:肠道菌、线粒体

作为治疗二型糖尿病的一线药物,二甲双胍的疗效已经得到了毫无争议的认可。2017年,《Nature Medicine》期刊发文揭示了二甲双胍的降糖作用可能与改变肠道细菌组成有关。他们发现,通过降低肝脏中葡萄糖的数量来治疗糖尿病并不是二甲双胍的全部机制。

这篇研究指明,二甲双胍至少在一定程度上通过促进肠道细菌(如Akkermansia)的生长来发挥作用。这为患者通过改变饮食来调整肠道菌群结构,最终获得降糖效益提供了新的线索。

除了影响肠道菌群,来自西北大学的Navdeep Chandel教授曾证实,二甲双胍可以减缓线粒体代谢,进而阻止癌症的生长。

在最新的关于“二甲双胍降低因空气污染引起的心脏病风险”的研究中,Navdeep Chandel团队发现,二甲双胍可以通过靶向巨噬细胞内的线粒体,发挥消炎作用,从而有望降低由雾霾污染引发的血管疾病。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870974, encodeId=2a1918e097464, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sat Jan 26 00:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961247, encodeId=90cf196124eb8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sun Jan 20 19:11:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351446, encodeId=ff363514466a, content=不会是第二个阿司匹林吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/07/24/d9d14db78de202d73276f47d8d8e2596.jpg, createdBy=3b682249905, createdName=盖伦, createdTime=Sun Nov 04 06:11:12 CST 2018, time=2018-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351369, encodeId=193f351369d0, content=学习了谢谢了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Sat Nov 03 10:41:20 CST 2018, time=2018-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351353, encodeId=439835135367, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Sat Nov 03 08:17:42 CST 2018, time=2018-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351341, encodeId=ff0035134186, content=铁饥饿!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160916/IMG57DBEDBBA66BD2947.jpg, createdBy=3b181951777, createdName=ren1mw, createdTime=Sat Nov 03 06:11:24 CST 2018, time=2018-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351340, encodeId=3860351340d3, content=好好好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Sat Nov 03 05:53:38 CST 2018, time=2018-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-01-20 维他命
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    2018-11-04 盖伦

    不会是第二个阿司匹林吧

    0

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    2018-11-03 186****0580(小山羊)

    学习了谢谢了

    0

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    2018-11-03 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

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    2018-11-03 ren1mw

    铁饥饿!

    0

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    2018-11-03 yjs木玉

    好好好好好好好好

    0

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