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膝关节置换术后,感到疼痛、麻木该怎么办?

2017-06-21 伊文 骨科大夫

术后仍感到大腿“没劲”,迈不开步,咋办?膝关节置换术后最需要关注的一个问题就是肌肉力量锻炼。这种锻炼不仅包括活动范围,还有肌肉力量的强度。在膝盖前方最重要的肌肉就是股四头肌,做完手术后,尤其要重视股四头肌的锻炼。等到大腿肌肉力量不断增强后,那种“没劲儿”、迈不开步的情况自然就会得到改善。术后感觉关节周围总发紧,有僵硬感,关节没换好?对于这个问题,需要分析具体原因。以骨性关节炎为例,很多患者手术前会

术后仍感到大腿“没劲”,迈不开步,咋办?

膝关节置换术后最需要关注的一个问题就是肌肉力量锻炼。

这种锻炼不仅包括活动范围,还有肌肉力量的强度。在膝盖前方最重要的肌肉就是股四头肌,做完手术后,尤其要重视股四头肌的锻炼。等到大腿肌肉力量不断增强后,那种“没劲儿”、迈不开步的情况自然就会得到改善。

术后感觉关节周围总发紧,有僵硬感,关节没换好?

对于这个问题,需要分析具体原因。以骨性关节炎为例,很多患者手术前会反映关节处有僵硬感,表现为早上起床时比较明显,或者久坐后感到关节不灵活。而这种僵硬感做完手术后,仍然会存在。因此,患者要有合理的预期。

另外,有些手术后的患者发现关节周围发紧,是术后疤痕出现挛缩导致的。此时需要进行康复治疗,使疤痕软化,增加关节的活动范围。

术后伤口周围出现“麻木感”或“过电样”窜痛,咋办?

之所以会出现这种现象,是手术切口造成的。

术后很多患者感觉伤口周围出现麻木感,尤其在膝关节外侧偏下处。其实,这种现象十分常见,患者不必紧张。

随着时间推移,麻木的范围会越来越小,程度逐渐减轻,大约两年后基本消失。

一般这种手术的切口是纵行的,而膝关节处的神经走向是从内到外,倾斜向下的。所以,人工膝关节置换术中,不可避免的会将外侧皮神经切断,术后患者就会感觉麻木。

换关节的地方有肿胀和发热感,是感染了吗?

因此,手术后半年内关节出现肿胀、发热,建议患者采用冰敷处理。因为这种发热可能是体内人工关节的金属发生反应导致的。但如果半年后,仍然有明显的肿胀、发热,建议患者联系主刀医生,查看是否出现感染

术后正常的康复过程中,患者经常会感到关节发热。如果用手去感触,会发现换完关节一侧的皮肤温度比另一侧高0.5~1度,尤其做完康复训练后差距更大。我们曾使用测温仪查看患者锻炼后的情况,有的患者关节处的皮肤温度甚至高达38度。

术后活动过程中常听到“咯啦声”,正常吗?

术后很多患者在活动过程中听到关节内有响声,感到十分恐惧,其实大可不必。出现响声,我们需要针对具体原因具体分析。例如,有些响声可能是膝盖前方的髌骨与股骨滑车部件摩擦造成的,有响声却没有疼痛感,此时不必担忧。

有的响声来自于人工关节部件之间的声音。人工关节的股骨、胫骨和中间的聚乙烯垫片是组装起来的,不是一个整体,活动过程中会产生一点声响。这个问题目前尚未解决,但也不用担忧。

值得注意的是,如果关节突然出现“咔嚓”一声,这可能是病理原因造成的。例如当髌骨或者滑膜卡到股骨的“盒子”中时,伸直腿就可能出现这种问题。这时需要及时就诊,找医生处理。

出现哪些情况,必须立即就医?

一般患者的出院告知单上都会说明,出现哪些情况要立即就医。首先,术后感染是灾难。即便现在规模较大的关节中心,每年感染的病例很少,不超过1%,但我们仍然要关注感染问题。患者术后也要进行规律的随访,查看恢复状况。

一般而言,出现以下几种情况,需要立即就医:

1.出现不明原因的关节僵硬,且这种现象继续进展;

2.出现全身发热,且发热后关节红肿、疼痛;

3.换完关节,伤口处出现持续性的渗液;

4.假体周围出现骨折。

术后患者出现不适的情况比较多,

术前术后出现疼痛该怎么办?

对于人工膝关节置换的患者来说,围手术期疼痛问题也需要十分关注。

围手术期是围绕手术的一个全过程,从病人决定接受手术治疗开始,到手术治疗直至基本康复,包含手术前、手术中及手术后的一段时间。

近年在人工关节置换领域,围手术期镇痛发展较快。医生在术前、术中及术后都可采用各种方法控制疼痛,称为多模式镇痛。采用这种措施后,很多患者手术后并不会感到非常痛苦,不少人做完一条腿的人工关节置换后,又进行了第二条腿的置换手术。

那么,具体的措施包括:术前患者可服用一些降低疼痛阈值(即临界值)的止疼药;术中医生会进行关节腔内麻药注射,长效的麻药能够维持很长一段时间,此外,也可在大腿根部使用股神经阻滞泵,效果也能维持很长时间;术后患者可使用杜冷丁或者口服止痛药。

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    2018-04-10 yxch48
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    2017-06-30 戒馋,懒,贪

    值得推广

    0

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    2017-06-21 dhzzm

    学习了分享了

    0

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