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辟谣:手机、微波炉、CT有辐射,会致癌?很多人还信以为真

2020-10-18 39健康网 39健康网

“先拍个片子吧。“许多患者到医院就诊时,听到最多就是这么一句话。医生需要根据患者的医学影像,来判断病情进行治疗。大多数人担心

医生,我可以不做CT吗?我跟老公正在备孕,CT辐射大。”

“但你这种情况,最好还是暂缓备孕,现在是你的身体有问题,只有照CT才能确诊。”

思量再三,小君还是放弃了CT。

半年后,小君再次入院时,医生确诊肺癌。庆幸的是,她还没有怀上孩子。

CT,是临床上很常见的一种检查手段,但也有很多人闻之变色,主要原因是怕辐射大。实际上,CT的辐射完全在人体接受范围内,只要不是短时间大量照射,不会对身体有伤害,更不会致癌。

1.做一次超声检查,辐射有多大?

“先拍个片子吧。“许多患者到医院就诊时,听到最多就是这么一句话。医生需要根据患者的医学影像,来判断病情进行治疗。大多数人担心这类检查的辐射对身体有害,那么,一个检查真的会伤害我们身体吗?不同的检查辐射量不同,下面我们一个一个来分析:

●X线

X线穿过人体形成自黑到白的灰度图像。借助X线的穿透性、可吸收性、荧光效应和感光效应可以反映不同的人体组织结构。X线具有放射性,剂量达到一定水平,会对人体造成损伤。

一次检查的胸片X线剂量为0.02mSv,胸透的X线剂量为0.6mSv,这是一个什么概念呢?当你乘坐一次长途飞机,辐射剂量达到0.2mSv,而1000mSv才会有0.0165的致癌率。可以说必要的X射线是在安全剂量范围内,并不会影响人体。

●CT

CT的基本原理和X线相似,但成像过程与X线不同,CT利用探测器接受到的穿过人体的X线之后,将数据传输到计算机处理。它可以弥补X线无法检查出的细小病变。

CT的辐射量又有多少呢?以常见的CT检查为例,一次头颅CT大约是2 mSv,胸部CT约3mSv,剂量最大的腹部CT约5 mSv,而从事CT职业的人员,要求每年不超过50 mSv,也就是说低于50 mSv,都是相对安全的范围。

●核磁共像

将人体置于磁场中,人体中的氢原子核质子在磁场中运动,采集这些运动的信息,经过处理,生成MRI图像。相比于普通X线检查和CT检查,核磁共像最亮眼的地方就是几乎没辐射。

●PET-CT

PET-CT即正电子发射计算机断层显像。它由PET + CT组成,因此其辐射量=PET+CT的辐射量。

PET/CT的辐射剂量来源于两部分,即PET和CT,PET的辐射与所用的显像剂剂量相关,这也跟患者的体重有一定关系。一个70kg的患者,PET的辐射量大约为7mSv;而使用一次全身CT,辐射量在4-5mSv左右。

综上,一次PET/CT检查辐射摄取量大约为11-12 mSv(随着患者体重增加,辐射剂量会有小幅增加,一般不会超过15mSv)。

2.辐射致癌,是真的吗?

其实除了医疗辐射,在我们日常生活中,辐射无处不在。空气、食物和饮料中都存在着天然辐射,我们经常食用的电脑、电视、手机都存在着电磁辐射。当电磁辐射达到一定程度时,可能会对人体神经系统造成损害,人会感到头晕、记忆减弱、失眠、食欲下降等。

2017年,国际癌症组织公布了一组致癌物清单,其中就包括了电离辐射。这也造成了许多人一听辐射,就以为“会致癌”。南京军区福州总医院欧阳学农主任医师介绍,对于这种担心,大可不必。辐射不等于致癌,想要达到致癌,需要一定的剂量,致癌条件。

比如手机,致癌性属于2B组,就是说“或许”“有可能”致癌,其致癌可能性很低,如今无线通讯无处不在,生活环境中处处辐射,想要达到致癌效果,究竟要多少时间,多少剂量,学界并无一致结论,因此无须过度恐慌。

3.虽然小剂量无害,但也要注意防护

南京军区福州总医院林赐荣副主任表示,生活中的辐射没有那么可怕,保持适当的距离是防护的第一秘诀。

我们可以用专业的清洁工具清除电脑和电视机上的显示屏,在擦除灰尘的同时,也是在清除滞留的电磁辐射。看电视时,距离最好保持4米以上,不要长时间盯着屏幕看,手机、电视、电脑一次使用时间不宜超过1小时。当我们使用微波炉时,尽量距离至少1米以上,以达到防护作用。

4.注意!有几类人确实不适合做X片、做CT!

对说医学辐射对人体伤害在安全值范围,但针对抵抗力差的老人及年龄较小的儿童并不适合进行这类拍片检查。此外,孕妈以及对X射线高度灵敏的人群或不宜接触X射线者(如再生障碍性贫血等),含碘对比剂过敏者、重症甲状腺疾患(甲亢)以及严峻心、肝、肾功能衰竭者,都不适合进行X线或者CT检查。

医疗辐射可以帮助医生更好地掌握患者病情,提出有效治疗。不必要的医疗辐射,我们还是尽可能的去避免,但千万不要影响疾病的诊断与治疗。

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    2021-05-01 feather87
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    2020-10-20 jiyangfei
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    2020-10-20 jambiya
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    2020-10-19 1244c0ebm28暂无昵称

    学习学习

    0

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    2020-10-18 ms4000000561534892

    可能需要进一步严谨的随机对照,多中心研究

    0

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    2020-10-18 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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