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Nat Genet:迄今规模很大的基因研究!揭秘2型糖尿病相关的新型遗传变异

2020-06-25 转化医学网 转化医学网

2型糖尿病是最常见的糖尿病类型,该病由多种病因引起,导致体内胰岛素分泌不足或者人体不能有效利用胰岛素,从而出现血糖水平持续升高,进而危害心脏、肾脏、眼睛等器官。近日,一项迄今为止在同类研究中最大规模的

2型糖尿病是最常见的糖尿病类型,该病由多种病因引起,导致体内胰岛素分泌不足或者人体不能有效利用胰岛素,从而出现血糖水平持续升高,进而危害心脏、肾脏、眼睛等器官。近日,一项迄今为止在同类研究中最大规模的基因研究发现了数百种以前从未发现与该病相关的基因变异。

这项研究由美国宾夕法尼亚大学佩雷尔曼医学院和退伍军人健康管理局下士迈克尔J.克雷森兹退伍军人事务医疗中心(CMCVAMC)牵头并发表在《自然遗传学》杂志上。题目为“Discovery of 318 new risk loci for type 2 diabetes and related vascular outcomes among 1.4 million participants in a multi-ancestry meta-analysis”

研究人员利用世界最大的生物银行——VHA的百万退伍军人计划(MVP),还有图表联盟(DIAGRAM Consortium)、英国生物银行(UK biobank)、宾夕法尼亚医学生物银行(Penn Medicine biobank)和日本生物银行(biobank Japan)的数据,调查了全球140万研究人群的2型糖尿病遗传易感性,其中近23万人患有2型糖尿病。

他们分析了其中数十万人的基因组成,发现了558个独立的基因变异,这些变异在2型糖尿病患者和非2型糖尿病患者之间有不同的分布。他们还发现了不同种族的基因变异,其中21个是欧洲血统特有的,7个是非洲裔美国人血统特有的。研究人员还发现有286个基因变异是以前从未检测到的,他们随后开始研究这一人群中的某些基因变异是否与2型糖尿病相关疾病有关。

该研究的第一作者,宾夕法尼亚大学佩雷尔曼医学院的生物统计学家Marijana Vujkovic博士说:“最终,我们发现三种变异与冠心病有关,两种与急性缺血性中风有关,四种与视网膜病变有关,两种与慢性肾脏疾病有关,一种与神经病变有关。在这项研究的基础上,科学界可以评估所鉴定的变异基因附近的哪些基因可能会改变2型糖尿病的风险,这可能有利于早期干预疾病,以控制病情的发展。”

值得一提的是,虽然在2型糖尿病患者身上发现了如此多的基因变异,但研究人员认为没有一种变异是 “最危险的”。该研究的共同通讯作者,宾夕法尼亚大学系统药理学和转化治疗学副教授Benjamin F. Voight博士说:“然而,就像心脏病、精神分裂症或肥胖症一样,正是这些变异的大量积累,才增加了相应的风险。我们希望这项研究不仅能帮助风险大的糖尿病患者,而且能激发未来新疗法的研究。”

研究人员表示,关于2型糖尿病相关基因变异的知识可能有助于确定2型糖尿病的潜在治疗靶点,这也有助于指导糖尿病患者并发症的治疗。

该研究的另一位共同通讯作者,宾夕法尼亚大学医学教授张庆美(音)博士说:“在了解了2型糖尿病患者的糖尿病并发症遗传易感性之后,通过累积的遗传风险评分,可以帮助指导患者的治疗。作为临床医生,我们希望这些发现最终能够应用于改善包括退伍军人在内的患者的健康状况。”

研究人员说,长期跟踪这些患者的分析将有助于阐明与这些基因变异相关的风险。因此,他们正计划长期监测2型糖尿病患者,以及相关代谢紊乱患者的遗传因素。这项工作的汇总统计数据也通过dbGaP存储库发布,供公众使用,以便于进一步的研究。与此同时,研究人员目前正在使用新发现的基因列表来研究药物相互作用。

原始出处:

Vujkovic, M., Keaton, J.M., Lynch, J.A. et al. Discovery of 318 new risk loci for type 2 diabetes and related vascular outcomes among 1.4 million participants in a multi-ancestry meta-analysis. Nat Genet (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-020-0637-y.

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    2020-07-04 canlab
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    2020-09-08 cy0324
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    2020-12-12 江川靖瑶
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    2020-11-14 liye789132251
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734229, encodeId=8de81e3422938, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Sat Jul 04 14:27:19 CST 2020, time=2020-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2049306, encodeId=6a34204930605, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4363e929ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Gene#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7929, encryptionId=4363e929ad, topicName=Gene)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=63a4277, createdName=cy0324, createdTime=Tue Sep 08 09:27:19 CST 2020, time=2020-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1686339, encodeId=7968168633977, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=66f3e93862' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Genet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7938, encryptionId=66f3e93862, topicName=Genet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3e128296421, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 12:27:19 CST 2020, time=2020-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1342702, encodeId=4fa91342e0204, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=34cb381023e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#变异#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38102, encryptionId=34cb381023e, topicName=变异)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=78c32500188, createdName=12498dabm77暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Jun 27 01:27:19 CST 2020, time=2020-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1377207, encodeId=1de813e7207c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=007d9506920' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#遗传变异#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95069, encryptionId=007d9506920, topicName=遗传变异)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=73a3403, createdName=weihongyv, createdTime=Sat Jun 27 01:27:19 CST 2020, time=2020-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884412, encodeId=a55318844127e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Nov 14 01:27:19 CST 2020, time=2020-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1043192, encodeId=7a9c1043192b6, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Thu Jun 25 13:27:19 CST 2020, time=2020-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-06-25 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

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