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张宇清教授:SPRINT试验提示相对健康患者群,强化降压更获益

2015-09-14 张宇清 中国医学科学院阜外医院

今天整个互联网都吵得很热:一项提前终止的大型临床试验警世 : 高血压治疗指标下调刻不容缓(SPRINT 研究)(这是科学网水迎波的博客)。看看中国医学科学院阜外医院张宇清教授对此的评价。

今天整个互联网都吵得很热:一项提前终止的大型临床试验警世 : 高血压治疗指标下调刻不容缓(SPRINT 研究)(这是科学网水迎波的博客)。看看中国医学科学院阜外医院张宇清教授对此的评价。


SPRINT研究结果尚未正式公布,细节内容不得而知,但即使是目前有限的信息也非常值得关注。

不言而喻,降压目标问题一直是高血压管理的重中之重,目前很多指南之所以将降压目标回调,主要是基于遵循随机临床试验证据的原则,收缩压低于140 mmHg的研究缺乏。但应注意这并非是相反的证据。SPRINT研究正是为回答以上问题而进行。

研究结果提示,在相对健康的高血压患者中,强化降压带来更大的益处。不但主要终点事件降低,总死亡事件也降低,原因如下:研究纳入50岁以上合并有心血管危险因素的高血压患者,最终入选人群中28%为75岁以上老年患者,28%合并慢性肾脏病(CKD),20%合并心血管疾病(卒中除外),但该研究不入选心力衰竭和终末期肾病等处于心血管事件链终末端的患者群,也因已有其他研究而不入选糖尿病患者,因此研究纳入的是对强化降压治疗可耐受性比较高的受试者。同时,研究者也特别注意,对于老年患者的降压药物调整更加平稳。

研究结果的解读仅限于入选的患者群体,不宜过度解读和推论到其他类别的患者群体中。

该研究存在一些问题。主要终点事件纳入心力衰竭,这有正反两方面的影响:正面意义在于目前高血压的并发症谱已出现改变,即卒中和心肌梗死事件比例降低,影响寿命和生活质量的心力衰竭事件在增加;反面影响在于,心力衰竭终点判断容易出现问题,多数研究只将其做为软终点,因此最终结果还需要更具说服力的核心主要终点,即心肌梗死、脑卒中和心血管死亡。

关于合并其他临床疾病的患者血压管理问题:
  
脑卒中:研究正在进行中;

收缩性心力衰竭:高血压管理并非重点;

舒张功能不全:尚待进一步研究;

糖尿病:ACCORD研究并不能够有效回答问题,研究本身是析因设计,多因素的干预结果是事件率明显低于预期,最终事件率只有设计时的50%,因此回答问题的把握度不足,但即使如此卒中事件仍有40%的差异。SPRINT研究设计排除了糖尿病、卒中后的患者(因相关试验已完成或正在进行),仍着重于心血管高危患者的血压控制问题。

SPRINT研究对我国高血压防治的影响:降压达标的理念不可动摇,这并不意味着所有患者都要降低到130 mmHg或120 mmHg以下,对于相对比较健康、严重合并症少和耐受性较好的高血压患者应秉持强化降压的理念。

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    2016-03-30 kalseyzl
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