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Nature:研究揭示结核致病菌的“伪装术”

2013-12-26 何嫱 生物通

结核致病菌在上呼吸道中似乎掩盖了自身的身份,避免了被感染杀伤细胞识别。细菌召唤肺脏深层区域更能容许其感染的白细胞,搭乘它们的便车进入到了宿主身体内。这一研究发现发表在12月16日的《自然》(Nature)杂志上。 论文的资深作者是华盛顿大学微生物学、医学和免疫学教授Lalita Ramakrishan博士,她主要从事结核菌逃避机体免疫系统,为达目的操控机体防御的机制相关研究。论

结核致病菌在上呼吸道中似乎掩盖了自身的身份,避免了被感染杀伤细胞识别。细菌召唤肺脏深层区域更能容许其感染的白细胞,搭乘它们的便车进入到了宿主身体内。这一研究发现发表在12月16日的《自然》(Nature)杂志上。

论文的资深作者是华盛顿大学微生物学、医学和免疫学教授Lalita Ramakrishan博士,她主要从事结核菌逃避机体免疫系统,为达目的操控机体防御的机制相关研究。论文的主要作者是华盛顿大学免疫学系的C.J. Cambier。

Ramakrishnan指出,这项近期的研究对长期以来观察到的结核感染开始于相对无菌的肺下部这一现象提供了一种解释。在上呼吸道中,居住着的细菌以及吸入的各种各样的微生物都会发送信号显示它们的存在。

这些信号会向许多抗感染细胞发出警报并吸引它们到达上呼吸道。上呼吸道中存在的其他微生物有可能通过构建出一种不利的环境抑制了结核感染。

它们的存在或许可以解释为什么相比于其他几种呼吸道病原体引起的疾病,结核是一种较少接触传染的疾病。

为了引起疾病,结核菌必须潜行溜过这一严密的巡逻区域,前往少有杀菌细胞管辖的肺脏部位。

几乎就像窃贼脸上套上长袜,从而使得监视摄像机无法清楚地录下他们的容貌特征一样。结核致病菌在它们的细胞表面上生成了一些特殊类型的脂质。

这些简写为PDIM的脂质已知与细菌毒力有关。研究人员发现,PDIM脂质是通过掩盖会向巨噬细胞揭示它们的危险特质的潜在分子模式来发挥功能。巨噬细胞是第一道抗感染细胞防线。

同时,细菌细胞表面上一种叫做PGL的相关脂质促进了招募这些可容许它们感染的巨噬细胞。这些清除细胞会吞噬但却不会杀死结核病原体。相反,它们让结核菌通过了肺壁,深入到肺组织中,在那里细菌建立感染。

根据研究人员所说,这些机制似乎使得某些结核致病菌避开了模式识别受体的检测,某些抗感染细胞借助于模式识别受体可通过细菌表面上或接近表面的致病菌相关分子模式,来识别各种不同的疾病微生物。

像大多数其他的细菌一样,结核病原体有许多这样的警报分子模式,可以激活免疫反应。但结核病原体进化出了一些机制,通过生理上掩盖其他可检测到的模式,设法避开了跳闸报警。通过这种隐藏,使得它们最初能够避开不利于它们生存的抗感染细胞群,感染气道。

结核病原体再利用其他的脂质分子PGL,利用了一条宿主化学信号通路来触发招募这些容许它们感染的巨噬细胞。

当前的研究扩展了Ramakrishan和合作实验室的早期研究工作,帮助描述了结核致病菌在进入到某些宿主细胞后,操控宿主信号通路达到自身目的的策略。

原文出处:

Cambier CJ1, Takaki KK2, Larson RP3, Hernandez RE4, Tobin DM2, Urdahl KB5, Cosma CL2, Ramakrishnan L6.Mycobacteria manipulate macrophage recruitment through coordinated use of membrane lipids.Nature. 2013 Dec 15. doi: 10.1038/nature12799. 


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    2014-06-10 liye789132251
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    2014-08-10 cjyisheng

    研究有趣,有意义。

    0

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    2013-12-28 cooco
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