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Lancet Respir Med:苏格兰25700万人接种新冠疫苗后的住院和死亡风险

2021-11-16 小文子 MedSci原创

老年人、合并症较多,接种疫苗前几周住院、高危职业、养老院居民、贫困、男性和既往吸烟者因COVID-19住院和死亡风险较高。

尽管采用隔离措施,英国COVID-19感染率仍处于较高水平,英国COVID-19疫苗接种计划优先对COVID-19住院和死亡风险较高者进行接种。Lancet Respir Med的一项研究估计了至少接种一剂疫苗的人群VOVID-19住院或死亡风险。

研究人员使用COVID-19国家监测平台(EAVE II)进行前瞻性队列研究,该平台记录苏格兰540万人(约总人口的99%)的疫苗接种、初级保健、RT-PCR检测、住院和死亡。从首次接种BNT162b2(辉瑞-BioNTech)或ChAdOx1 nCoV-19(牛津-阿斯利康)新冠疫苗开始随访,直到因COVID-19住院、死亡或2021年4月18日研究期结束。按疫苗类型分层,使用时间依赖性泊松回归模型估计首次接种疫苗14天或以上的COVID-19住院或死亡相关人口统计学和临床因素风险比。

2020年12月8日至2021年4月18日期间,2572008人首次接种疫苗,841090(32.7%)接种BNT162b2,1730918(67.3%)接种ChAdOx1。1196人(<0.1%)在首次接种疫苗14天或更长时间后因COVID-19住院或死亡(883人住院,其中228人死亡;313人因COVID-19死亡而未住院)。这些严重后果与年龄较大 (≥80岁vs 18~64岁, 调整后RR=4.75, 95%CI, 3.85~5.87),合并症(五个或以上合并症vs五个以下合并症, RR=4.24, 95%CI, 3.34~5.39),近期住院(RR=3.00, 95%CI , 2.47~3.65),高危职业(10次或以上COVID-19检测vs 10次以下COVID-19检测, RR=2.14, 95%CI, 1.62~2.81),居住在养老院(RR=1.63, 95%CI, 1.32~2.02)、贫困(社会经济地位最低vs社会经济地位最高RR=1.57, 95%CI, 1.30~1.90)、男性(RR=1.27, 95%CI, 1.13~1.43)和既往吸烟(既往吸烟vs不吸烟RR=1.18, 95%CI, 1.01~1.38)有关。疫苗接种前COVID-19史具有保护作用(0.40, 0.29~0.54)。

研究发现,首次接种疫苗后14天或更长时间内,因COVID-19住院或死亡的风险降低。老年人、合并症较多,接种疫苗前几周住院、高危职业、养老院居民、贫困、男性和既往吸烟者风险较高。相比之下,先前感染COVID-19与疫苗接种后高危风险降低相关。总之,首次注射ChAdOx1或BNT162b2后14天内,因COVID-19造成严重后果的发生率较低,在至少接种一种疫苗的人群中,不良事件的比例低于0.05%。

原文出处:

Utkarsh Agrawal, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, COVID-19 hospital admissions and deaths after BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccinations in 2·57 million people in Scotland (EAVE II): a prospective cohort study, Lancet Respir Med, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00380-5.

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