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NEJM:TUBB8突变致使人卵母细胞减数分裂障碍导致女性不孕

2016-01-22 MedSci MedSci原创

人的繁殖依赖于一个成熟的卵母细胞与精子细胞的融合形成受精卵。而阻碍人类卵母细胞成熟的遗传因素尚未可知。

人的繁殖依赖于一个成熟的卵母细胞与精子细胞的融合形成受精卵。而阻碍人类卵母细胞成熟的遗传因素尚未可知。

本研究中,研究人员测序了一个四世同堂家庭中五名家庭成员的外显子,其中三名家庭成员不孕,原因是其卵母细胞第一次减数分裂障碍。研究人员对候选基因——TUBB8,进行了Sanger测序,DNA样品取自这些不孕患者及其家庭成员,以及其他23个受影响的家庭。通过定量RT-PCR评估卵母细胞、早期胚胎、精子细胞以及几种体细胞中TUBB8和所有其他β-微管蛋白同型的表达。在体外,研究人员评估了TUBB8突变对构成α微管蛋白多肽和β微管蛋白多肽(α/β-微管蛋白的异源二聚体)的异源二聚体组装的影响,对HeLa细胞中的微管结构的影响,对酵母细胞中微管动力学的影响,对小鼠和人类卵母细胞纺锤体组装的影响。

结果在灵长类动物特异性基因TUBB8中,研究人员共确定了7个突变,这是导致7个家庭存在卵母细胞减数分裂障碍的原因。对于卵母细胞和早期胚胎来说,TUBB8的表达是独一无二的,几乎表达了全部的β-微管蛋白。TUBB8突变影响了伴侣蛋白的折叠和α/β-微管蛋白异源二聚体的组装,破坏细胞微管的形成,改变微管的动力学,导致小鼠和人卵母细胞纺锤体组装缺陷,卵母细胞发育停滞。

总而言之,该研究发现TUBB8突变存在显性负效应,破坏微管和卵母细胞减数分裂中纺锤体组装,阻碍卵母细胞的成熟,导致女性不孕。

原始出处:

Ruizhi Feng, Qing Sang, et al.. Mutations in TUBB8 and Human Oocyte Meiotic Arrest. N Engl J Med 2016; 374:223-232January 21, 2016DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1510791.

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