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Lancet:高血压患者仅控制血压就足够?联合降脂可带来长期获益

2018-10-30 吴星 环球医学网

近年来,我国的心脑血管病死亡率呈加速上升趋势,而高血压是最重要危险因素。高血压患者中,不同降压方案和降脂治疗的长期心血管和全因死亡率影响还未完全确定,2018年9月,发表在《Lancet.》的ASCOT研究的最新突破结果显示,降压联合降脂治疗可为患者带来更多心血管长期获益。

近年来,我国的心脑血管病死亡率呈加速上升趋势,而高血压是最重要危险因素。高血压患者中,不同降压方案和降脂治疗的长期血管和全因死亡率影响还未完全确定,2018年9月,发表在《Lancet.》的ASCOT研究的最新突破结果显示,降压联合降脂治疗可为患者带来更多心血管长期获益。

背景:高血压患者中,不同降压方案和降脂治疗的长期心血管和全因死亡率影响还未完全确定,尤其在临床试验条件下。英-斯堪的纳维亚心脏结局试验(ASCOT)Legacy研究报道了原始ASCOT试验中,英国参与者随访16年后的死亡率结局。

方法:ASCOT是一项多中心随机试验,具有2×2的析因设计。基于英国的高血压患者随访了中位15.7年(IQR,9.7~16.4年)的全因和心血管死亡率。基线时,所有纳入到ASCOT降压组(BPLA)的患者都随机分配到基于氨氯地平或基于阿替洛尔的降压治疗中。这些患者中,总胆固醇为6.5mmol/L或更低和无既往降脂治疗的患者进一步随机分配到阿托伐他汀或安慰剂作为ASCOT降脂组(LLA)的一部分。剩下的患者为非LLA组。两名医生团队独立判断全因死亡率。

结果:ASCOT研究中基于英国的8580名患者,3282人(38.3%)死亡,包括分配到基于阿替洛尔治疗的1640/4275人(38.4%)和分配到基于氨氯地平治疗的1642/4305人(38.1%)。LLA组4605名患者中的1768人死亡,包括分配到安慰剂2288人中的903人(39.5%)和分配到阿托伐他汀2317人中的 865人(37.3%)。所有死亡患者中,1210人(36.9%)为心血管相关原因。BPLA患者中,治疗间的全因死亡率无总体差异(调整HR,0.90;95% CI,0.81~1.01;P=0.0776),但是基于氨氯地平治疗组比基于阿替洛尔治疗组的卒中死亡显着性低(调整HR,0.71;0.53~0.97;P=0.0305)。BPLA和LLA的治疗分组间无相互作用。然而,非LLA组的3975名患者中,分配到基于氨氯地平治疗的患者比分配到基于阿替洛尔治疗的患者更少发生心血管死亡(调整HR,0.79;0.67~0.93;P=0.0046)(两血压治疗和是否分配到LLA间相互作用检验的P为0.022)。LLA中,分配到他汀的患者比分配到安慰剂的患者显着性少发生心血管死亡(HR,0.85;0.72~0.99;P=0.0395)。

结论:结果显示,基于钙通道阻滞剂的降压治疗方案和他汀的降脂治疗对死亡率具有长期获益作用:在试验结束后的10多年,基于氨氯地平治疗的患者较少发生卒中死亡,阿托伐他汀治疗的患者具有较少的心血管死亡。总体来说,ASCOT Legacy研究支持了降压和胆固醇干预与对心血管结局长期获益相关的观念。

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    2019-03-25 howi
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    2018-10-31 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

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