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BMJ：荟萃分析揭示水果和蔬菜摄入量与死亡率之间的联系

2014-07-31 MedSci MedSci原创

水果蔬菜死亡率
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作为健康饮食的一个关键组成部分，医生们常建议人们多食用水果和蔬菜，以来预防慢性疾病。心血管疾病和癌症是全世界死亡的两个主要原因，研究者们不断研究风险因素，减少这些重要疾病的发生，改善健康和长寿。 近年来,虽然已经有越来越多的证据表明,食用水果和蔬菜与死亡率相关,包括心血管疾病和癌症的死亡率，却依然存在争议。一些研究发现,食用水果和蔬菜能降低死亡率的风险，然而研究者观察英国素食者和非素食者

作为健康饮食的一个关键组成部分，医生们常建议人们多食用水果和蔬菜，以来预防慢性疾病。心血管疾病和癌症是全世界死亡的两个主要原因，研究者们不断研究风险因素，减少这些重要疾病的发生，改善健康和长寿。

近年来,虽然已经有越来越多的证据表明,食用水果和蔬菜与死亡率相关,包括心血管疾病和癌症的死亡率，却依然存在争议。一些研究发现,食用水果和蔬菜能降低死亡率的风险，然而研究者观察英国素食者和非素食者之间死亡率没有显著差异（Am J Clin Nutr2003;78:533S-8S）。

了解食用水果和蔬菜和死亡率之间的关系是为了引导消费者的选择和优先考虑膳食指南以降低风险。为此，山东大学公卫学院和华中科技大学同济医学院的研究人员，探究了水果和蔬菜摄入量对死亡率、心血管死亡率和癌症死亡率的影响，并首次从剂量-效应的角度进行分析。这项基于前瞻性队列研究的荟萃分析，从全新的角度分析了水果、蔬菜摄入量与人类死亡风险之间的联系。


Selection of studies investigating effect of fruit and vegetable 
consumption on mortality

研究者系统地搜索数据库,包括Medline(从1950年)、Embase(从1980年),和Cochrane图书馆(1960年),2013年5月至2013年8月30日(截止)。选择了16个前瞻性队列研究，随访期间从4.6到26年，在833234名参与者中，有56423人死亡(11512死于心血管疾病和16817死于癌症)。

本研究采用的计量单位为“份”，一份蔬菜的重量定义为77 g，一份水果的重量定义为80 g。 采用STATA 12.0版本(StataCorp LP)来分析数据。

Dose-response relation between fruit and vegetable consumption 
and risk of all cause mortality

增加蔬菜和水果的摄入，能显著降低全因死亡率，尤其是心血管死亡率。若每日增加一份蔬菜/水果的摄入，则全因死亡率平均下降5%（一份蔬菜为5%。一份水果味6%）。摄入5份或更多水果/蔬菜死亡风险降低26%，但增加摄入量没有进一步降低死亡风险。


Risk of all cause mortality associated with servings/day of fruit. 
Weights are from random effects analysis


Risk of all cause mortality associated with servings/day of vegetables. 
Weights are from random effects analysis

原始出处：

Xia Wang,Yingying Ouyang,Jun Liu,Minmin Zhu,Gang Zhao,Wei Bao,Frank B Hu.Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.BMJ 2014; 349 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g4490 (Published 29 July 2014)

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1860572, encodeId=460418605e2c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=830b5693631' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#摄入量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56936, encryptionId=830b5693631, topicName=摄入量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f90281, createdName=lmm397, createdTime=Mon Jun 22 14:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1836862, encodeId=cb4e1836862f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1f188e230c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#荟萃分析#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87230, encryptionId=1f188e230c5, topicName=荟萃分析)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b79433, createdName=fangcong, createdTime=Sat Oct 04 14:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1681278, encodeId=b73216812e864, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=366b8e2299e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#荟萃#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87229, encryptionId=366b8e2299e, topicName=荟萃)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=仁心济世, createdTime=Mon Jul 06 07:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1847605, encodeId=986c184e6059d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Mon Oct 06 23:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11051, encodeId=d43311051e4, content=科学依据，随访时间长。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=194, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160403/IMG5700F9EC14BED9452.jpg, createdBy=879d37419, createdName=cjyisheng, createdTime=Mon Aug 11 06:04:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10792, encodeId=125810e927c, content=意料之中呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=life, createdTime=Thu Jul 31 22:58:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-22 lmm397

    #摄入量#

    0

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    2014-10-04 fangcong

    #荟萃分析#

    0

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    2015-07-06 仁心济世

    #荟萃#

    0

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    2014-10-06 gaoxiaoe

    #BMJ#

    0

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    2014-08-11 cjyisheng

    科学依据，随访时间长。

    0

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    2014-07-31 life

    意料之中呀

    0

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