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Nat Biotechnol:在体内利用电穿孔运送CRISPR/Cpf1实现靶向突变

2016-06-07 佚名 生物谷

Figure 1a:CRISPR/Cpf1介导的突变小鼠培育,利用CRISPR/Cpf1破坏Foxn1基因或Tyrosinase基因的功能。这些突变分别导致无毛的小鼠和白毛的小鼠。Figure 1b:通过电穿孔将Cpf1 RNP运送到小鼠胚胎中的示意图。作为CRISPR基因组编辑的新工具,Cpf1因其不同于Cas9的性质而引起人们的广泛关注。它只需要单个RNA,即crRNA(CRISPR RNA)



Figure 1a:CRISPR/Cpf1介导的突变小鼠培育,利用CRISPR/Cpf1破坏Foxn1基因或Tyrosinase基因的功能。这些突变分别导致无毛的小鼠和白毛的小鼠。Figure 1b:通过电穿孔将Cpf1 RNP运送到小鼠胚胎中的示意图。

作为CRISPR基因组编辑的新工具,Cpf1因其不同于Cas9的性质而引起人们的广泛关注。它只需要单个RNA,即crRNA(CRISPR RNA),因而组装更加简单;它的交错切割模式可能促进利用所需的序列替换现有的DNA序列;它识别富含胸腺嘧啶的DNA序列,而且相对于Cas9识别的富含鸟嘌呤的序列,人们很少探讨这种序列。总之,Cpf1有望扩大CRISPR基因组编辑靶位点的范围,同时具有更好的编辑效率。

在一项新的研究中,来自IBS基因组编辑中心的一个研究团队成功地将Cpf1核糖核蛋白(RNP,编者注:由crRNA和Cpf1进行组装而形成)介导的突变引入小鼠胚胎中,培育出突变小鼠。他们选择发生突变的靶基因为Foxn1(一种调节免疫系统的转录因子,可促进皮肤毛发生长)和Tyrosinase(编码酪氨酸酶,该酶催化黑色素产生,其中黑色素是天然色素,能够确定皮肤的颜色)。相关研究结果于2016年6月6日在线发表在Nature Biotechnology期刊上,论文标题为“Targeted mutagenesis in mice by electroporation of Cpf1 ribonucleoproteins”。

论文第一作者HUR K Junho说,“这些数据表明将Cpf1 RNP运送到小鼠胚胎中导致靶基因发生突变而破坏它们的功能,它们的突变率分别为64%和33%。我们将突变的小鼠胚胎移植到代孕母小鼠体内,获得携带特定突变的小鼠。这些突变分别导致无毛发的小鼠和白发小鼠产生(Fig. 1a)。”

Hur补充道,“为了研究Cpf1是否有脱靶效应,我们对从一只Foxn1基因发生突变的小鼠和它的野生型近亲小鼠体内分离出的基因组DNA进行全基因组测序。序列分析表明没有脱靶突变发生。对其他突变小鼠的DNA进行靶向深度测序(targeted deep sequencing)也显示没有发生脱靶突变。”

在这项研究中,研究人员采用电脉冲将Cpf1 RNP同时渗透进多达50个小鼠胚胎中(Fig. 1b)。这种新的电穿孔技术运送用于基因组编辑的Cpf1 RNP到小鼠胚胎中,产生突变小鼠。相比于常规的微注射技术,这种电穿孔方法很容易开展、快速和具有可扩展性。

将Cpf1添加到CRISPR编辑工具箱中后,CRISPR编辑技术能够被用来构建众多模式小鼠。论文通信作者、IBS基因组编辑中心主任KIM Jin-Soo评论道,“鉴于这项研究证明了Cpf1优越的特异性,这种新的核酸内切酶将能够更加广泛地用于精确的基因组编辑,同时不会产生任何不想到的突变。CRISPR/Cpf1的应用将是没有限制的,从无毒性抗癌药物和干细胞治疗等治疗方法到高附加值的牲畜和农产品,而且也一直是开放的。”

原始出处:

Junho K Hur, Kyoungmi Kim, Kyung Wook Been, Gayoung Baek, Sunghyeok Ye, Junseok W Hur, Seuk-Min Ryu, Youn Su Lee & Jin-Soo Kim.Targeted mutagenesis in mice by electroporation of Cpf1 ribonucleoproteins.Nat Biotechnol doi:10.1038/nbt.3596

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    2016-08-11 shock_melon
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    2016-07-29 sunylz
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    2017-02-09 cathymary
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    2017-03-13 liye789132251
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    2017-05-07 drj2003
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    2016-06-09 yuandd
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    2016-06-08 lyh994

    成年后如果想突变,不脱靶,有什么办法?

    0

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I型干扰素是介导抗病毒免疫反应的关键。体内主要分泌I型干扰素的细胞之一为pDC(plasmacytoid dendritic cells)。一般情况下区分pDC的关键是其表面的一些CD分子(CD11c int,B220+,mPDCA-1+,CD11b-),但这些分子代表的细胞类群并不止一种。功能上区分不同类别的pDC是通过CD9以及CCR7。在骨髓中,CCR9-CD9+的pDC在TLR-9激活之后

NEJM:测序改变智障孩子的一生

英属哥伦比亚大学BC儿童医院的科学家们通过全基因组测序精确诊断了一些智力障碍背后的遗传疾病,发现了与已知疾病有关的新基因、新体征和新症状。这一突破性成果五月二十五日发表在顶级医学期刊《新英格兰医学》上,首次展示全基因组测序能够改变智力障碍儿童的一生。 智力障碍是一个比较复杂的问题。有些儿童的智力障碍是因为某种罕见遗传病干扰了机体的代谢功能。这种代谢障碍会使大脑和机体出现能量缺陷和有毒物质累积,

Cell Reports: 致癌基因BRAF突变介导了黑色素瘤的侵袭

恶性黑色素瘤具有很强的侵袭和转移能力,这也是导致大部分患者死亡的根源所在。近50%的黑色素瘤存在BRAF基因的激活性突变,而最常见的突变形式是第600位的缬氨酸被谷氨酸取代,即BRAFV600E突变,该突变会导致BRAF激酶及其下游信号RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK的持续性激活。黑色素瘤患者发生BRAFV600E突变后,预后将非常差。虽然BRAFV600E在肿瘤发生过程中的作用已经被研究很多,

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