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病例分享:说好的急性心梗呢,怎么成了主动脉夹层?!

2018-03-10 文烈心 医学界心血管频道

胸痛的鉴别诊断繁杂,夺命四大杀手之“急性心梗、主动脉夹层、肺栓塞、张力性气胸”是老生常谈,如果如此凶险的病魔组合出击,那罹患之人真是生机渺茫。

胸痛的鉴别诊断繁杂,夺命四大杀手之“急性心梗、主动脉夹层、肺栓塞、张力性气胸”是老生常谈,如果如此凶险的病魔组合出击,那罹患之人真是生机渺茫。

患者男,50岁,因急性胸痛就诊,接诊医生赶紧拉了张心电图——典型急性下壁心梗。争分夺秒,立即启动急诊PCI小组,医生、护士、技师开始迅速准备。

停,突然有人掷地有声地发话了,这例不只是急性心梗,赶紧做个增强CT。

废话不多说,上图!!!



图1:急性心梗是符合的,红框内可见右冠完全闭塞。



图2:左冠是通畅的,但主动脉根部有异常。



图3:换个层面,升主动脉呈两腔,密度高的是真腔,稍增强的是假腔。



图4:再往上的层面,升主动脉夹层的改变更典型。

这确实是一例主动脉夹层导致右冠开口闭塞致急性下壁心梗的病例!!!

这是一个让心内科医生胆寒,让心外科医生颤抖的病例。如果去急诊PCI,运气好的,可能因为发现术中导丝导管走行异常,做了主动脉根部造影及时发现是主动脉夹层而及时终止操作;运气背的,术中主动脉夹层破裂,病人死在台上。

急性A型主动脉夹层并右冠闭塞,心外科上去治疗难度也是极大。主动脉夹层的急诊手术已经够奋战了,还要开通闭塞的右冠、同期搭桥,手术难度进一步加大,这可是心脏外科两大急诊手术,A型主动脉夹层加急诊冠脉搭桥一并上了,这刚急性心梗的心脏能否能度过手术关也是未知。

这是治疗的难度,诊断也不容易。

前面那位喊停的医生是个人物,他作为急诊科医生熟练掌握心脏超声这一利器。

对于心血管急症,诊断手段中最重要就是心电图、肌钙蛋白、心超、CT。

虽然有些配备高端CT的医院已经开始进行急诊胸痛三联乃至四联CT检查,即一次CT检查同时排查急性心梗、主动脉夹层和肺栓塞及气胸,但毕竟费用较高,且CT检查仍相对费时费力。

心电图便利,只要配备心电图机,很多急诊科医师会自行阅图。

肌钙蛋白,要靠检验科配合,且有时间窗。

心超这一诊断利器,大部分医院实现起来仍有一些现实困难:可能非超声科医生没有掌握该技术,也不配备超声机;可能夜间能做急诊超声的医生,对于研判心梗、主动脉夹层、肺栓塞的能力不足,甚至根本没有迅速可及的超声医生来进行诊断。

幸而有些医院,心超是心内科医师的标准培训内容之一。但实际上,超声作为一种简便的诊断技术,可以让更多人掌握,比如急诊科医生。

该例中主诊的急诊科医师,因对这个病例的诊断稍存怀疑,且他自己掌握超声技术,从而可以迅速通过胸骨旁、胸骨上窝几个切面的扫查就发现主动脉内存在飘动的内膜片,判断存在主动脉夹层。

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    2018-03-11 asporine

    我们也碰到过类似病例.值得借鉴.

    0

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    2018-03-11 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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