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为什么阿奇霉素和头孢不能联合用药?

2016-12-09 佚名 掌上医讯

和朋友们谈起抗生素的联合应用问题,见仁见智,各有各的看法和观点。有的说头孢类和阿奇联合用了很长时间,效果很好;有的人就反对说这样联用不合理,并列举教科书123条论证,常常争得面红耳赤却谁也说服不了谁。就此将抗生素的联合用药原则及相互作用总结如下,非本人一家之言,乃医药人士多年经验之积累所成,有意者可借鉴参考,请批评指正。抗生素按其作用性质可分为四类:A、繁殖期杀菌剂:有β-内酰胺类、先锋霉素族;B

和朋友们谈起抗生素的联合应用问题,见仁见智,各有各的看法和观点。有的说头孢类和阿奇联合用了很长时间,效果很好;有的人就反对说这样联用不合理,并列举教科书123条论证,常常争得面红耳赤却谁也说服不了谁。就此将抗生素的联合用药原则及相互作用总结如下,非本人一家之言,乃医药人士多年经验之积累所成,有意者可借鉴参考,请批评指正。

抗生素按其作用性质可分为四类:

A、繁殖期杀菌剂:有β-内酰胺类、先锋霉素族;

B、静止期杀菌剂:如氨糖甙类、多粘菌素类;

C、速效抑菌剂:四环素类、氯霉素类、大环内脂类等;

D、慢效抑菌剂,如磺胺类。

抗菌药联合应用后其结果有以下几种情况:

协同、累加、无关或拮抗作用

据报道两种抗菌药物联合应用时约25%发生协同作用;60%~70%为无关或累加作用(大多数为无关作用);而发生拮抗作用者仅占5%~10%。

繁殖杀菌期杀菌剂与静止杀菌剂联用后获协同作用的机会增多;快效抑菌剂与繁殖期杀菌剂联合可产生拮抗作用;快效抑菌剂之间联合一般产生累加作用,快效与慢效抑菌剂联用也产生累加作用;静止期杀菌剂与快效抑菌剂联用可产生协同和累加作用;繁殖期杀菌剂与慢效抑菌剂联用呈无关作用。繁殖期、静止期杀菌剂、快速抑菌剂联合应用,常发生协同和累加作用。

根据以上原则抗生素联合用药的相互作用:

A+B=协同,即作用加强。

A+C=拮抗,即效果降低。

B+D=协同或无关。

C+D=累加,即作用互补。

A+D=累加或无关。

C+B=累加或协同。

所以,阿奇霉素与头孢联合应用,属于“A+C=拮抗”组合,会降低用药效果,因此不能联合应用。

不过,有医生朋友留言说现在已经不怎么提倡这个观点了,国外对于头孢噻肟、曲松联合大环内酯类阿奇治疗获得性肺炎已经被证实疗效确切了,I级证据支持。而对于临床其它的药物联用,一般也是建议分开时间段使用就行了。您怎么看?欢迎小伙伴们留言评论指正!

附:抗生素联合应用指征

1、病原菌尚未查明的严重感染,包括免疫缺陷者的严重感染。

2、单一抗菌药物不能控制的严重感染,需氧菌及厌氧菌混合感染,2种及2种以上复数菌感染,以及多重耐药菌或泛耐药菌感染。

3、需长疗程治疗,但病原菌易对某些抗菌药物产生耐药性的感染,如某些侵袭性真菌病;或病原菌含有不同生长特点的菌群,需要应用不同抗菌机制的药物联合使用,如结核和非结核分枝杆菌。

4、毒性较大的抗菌药物,联合用药时剂量可适当减少,但需有临床资料证明其同样有效。如两性霉素B与氟胞嘧啶联合治疗隐球菌脑膜炎时,前者的剂量可适当减少,以减少其毒性反应。

联合用药时宜选用具有协同或相加作用的药物联合,如青霉素类、头孢菌素类或其他β-内酰胺类与氨基糖苷类联合。联合用药通常采用2种药物联合,3种及3种以上药物联合仅适用于个别情况,如结核病的治疗。此外必须注意联合用药后药物不良反应亦可能增多。

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    2016-12-11 jj000003
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    2016-12-10 cqykthl

    现在已经不这么认为啦!循证医学已经发现两者联用在某些感染中患者是可以获益的!

    0

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    2016-12-10 小大夫快跑

    学到了,长知识

    0

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    2016-12-10 1e184d7bm65(暂无匿称)

    消炎药用来要慎重!

    0

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    2016-12-10 医张生

    学习。不过我还是联合用。实践证明效果好

    0

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    2016-12-10 yafeiliutjh

    学知识了

    0

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    2016-12-09 1df0dffdm93(暂无匿称)

    长知识咯!

    0

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早在2012年,新英格兰医学杂志报道,美国学者对田纳西州医保患者数据分析结果显示,5 天治疗期内,与不使用抗生素相比,用阿奇霉素者的全因死亡、心血管死亡和心脏性猝死风险升高85%、188%和 171%,而应用阿莫西林者死亡风险不增加;(文章详见--NEJM:阿奇霉素轻微增加心血管死亡风险)在通告中,FDA提醒临床医生,可触发尖端扭转性室速(TdP)的QT间期延长不仅与阿奇霉素有关,还与大环内酯

阿奇霉素,这四种情况不能用!

病例:12岁儿童服用阿奇霉素后死亡XXX,男,12岁;诊断:中耳炎。医生开了5天剂量的阿奇霉素。服用4天后,患者出现心跳加速,晕眩以及作呕状态。患者被送到急诊室,在心脏监视器看到长QT,患者很快就引发多型性心室性心律不整,抢救后不治死亡。死因分析:阿奇霉素有延长QT间期的副作用。绝大多数患者服用阿奇霉素是没有问题的,恰恰这位12岁的儿童患有先天性心脏疾病,本该选用另一种抗生素。教训:药与病之间,药

NEJM:预防非选择性剖宫产术后感染,阿奇霉素来帮你

在剖宫产之前,将阿奇霉素加入到标准治疗方案中用于抗生素预防,可以进一步降低术后感染率。该研究评估了接受非选择性剖宫产的女性中,接受以阿奇霉素为基础广谱预防的益处和安全性。原始出处:Alan T.N. Tita,Jeff M. Szychowski,Kim Boggess,et al.Adjunctive Azithromycin Prophylaxis for Cesarean Delivery,

JAMA Intern Med:阿奇霉素治疗哮喘急性加重,无显著疗效

指南建议使用抗生素来治疗哮喘发作。一项研究报告了泰利霉素的临床益处,但不良反应限制了它的使用。来自英国的研究人员开展了一项研究,该研究的目的是确定将阿奇霉素添加到标准哮喘护理中是否对患者有益。该随机,双盲,安慰剂对照的临床试验于2011年9月至2014年4月在英国多中心进行。该研究纳入了哮喘史超过6个月的成人患者,这些患者在哮喘急性恶化需要医疗护理的48h内被招募入此研究,他们需要一个疗程的口服和

Lancet Infect Dis:阿奇霉素对口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗的免疫原性有什么影响?

口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗的免疫原性和有效性在低收入国家较低,可能归因于肠道致病菌和相关的环境性肠病发生率高。这项双盲、随机、安慰剂对照试验研究,旨在评估阿奇霉素能否改善血清3型单价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗的免疫原性。 研究纳入了印度韦洛尔14个街区生活的健康婴儿,年龄6-11个月,按1:1随机分为口服阿奇霉素10mg/kg或安慰剂(一天一次,共三天),第14天接受血清3型单价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗。主要终点

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