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新型降糖药恩格列净:打破2型糖尿病合并心血管疾病临床治疗僵局

2017-12-08 MedSci MedSci原创

2017年9月27日,勃林格殷格翰-礼来糖尿病联盟宣布,新一代的口服钠-葡萄糖共转运体2(SGLT2)抑制剂——欧唐静®(通用名:恩格列净)已获得中国国家食品药品监督管理局的批准在中国大陆上市,这意味着中国患者即将能应用到首个经大型心血管结局研究(EMPA-REG OUTCOME®)证实能降低心血管死亡风险的2型糖尿病药物。请您为创新口服降糖药恩格列净(欧唐静®)进入省级医保目录投票,这将为2


2017年9月27日,勃林格殷格翰-礼来糖尿病联盟宣布,新一代的口服钠-葡萄糖共转运体2(SGLT2)抑制剂——欧唐静®(通用名:恩格列净)已获得中国国家食品药品监督管理局的批准在中国大陆上市,这意味着中国患者即将能应用到首个经大型心血管结局研究(EMPA-REG OUTCOME®)证实能降低心血管死亡风险的2型糖尿病药物。

请您为创新口服降糖药恩格列净(欧唐静®)进入省级医保目录投票,这将为2型糖尿病合并心血管疾病的患者带来治疗新希望!

2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并心血管疾病(CVD)已成为日益迫切的公共健康问题

多项研究显示,中国糖尿病患者心血管风险显着升高,其中T2DM患者CVD发生风险是非糖尿病患者的2~4倍1。中华医学会糖尿病分会慢性并发症调查组报告2,在全国三甲医院住院的T2DM患者中,合并高血压者占34.2%,合并其他心血管疾病者占17.1%。中国“3B”研究3显示,门诊就诊的T2DM患者中,14.6%合并心血管疾病,10.1%合并包括缺血性卒中在内的脑血管疾病。上述研究数据表明,我国T2DM患者合并CVD的情况非常普遍,已日益成为糖尿病管理的一个巨大挑战。

T2DM合并CVD严重威胁患者生命,增加疾病负担

目前临床上因糖尿病急性并发症引起的死亡已不多见,而其慢性并发症则成为对糖尿病患者健康和生命构成严重威胁的主要祸首。在众多慢性并发症中,心血管疾病是糖尿病患者的主要死因,大庆随访23年的研究4发现,心血管死亡约占所有原因导致死亡的一半。

随着中国糖尿病患病率的增加,糖尿病相关医疗花费也会随之增加,而伴有并发症或合并症的患者需要的医疗费用则更高。每年用于糖尿病及其相关疾病的医疗支出达500亿美金(4000亿元),占到国民医疗总支出的13%,其中80%用于并发症的治疗5诊断和治疗率越低,卫生总费用的负担越重,这种状况亟待迅速改善。

当前亟需降低T2DM患者心血管风险的降糖药物

尽管2型糖尿病患者的心血管疾病风险及死亡率明显增加,而大型临床研究UKPDS、ACCORD等研究显示,单纯强化控制血糖并不能显着降低心血管风险,尤其对于合并心血管疾病的患者,强化降糖甚至可能导致心血管风险的增加6。那么,降糖药是否具有独立于降糖作用的心血管风险或获益呢?

2008年,美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)发布了强制性指导意见,要求所有新批准上市的降糖药物都必须进行心血管安全性评估。根据这一要求,目前全球已开展了一系列新型降糖药物的心血管结局研究(CVOT)。SUs、格列奈类、维格列汀及大部分胰岛素制剂等传统药物不受这条强制性要求的制约,故缺少CVOT证据。而已有的CVOT证据显示,在EMPA-REG研究结果发布之前,没有任何降糖药能有力地证明心血管获益,包括二甲双胍(证据级别不够高)及各种DPP-4抑制剂(阴性结果)7

恩格列净获CFDA批准上市,满足了我国T2DM合并CVD患者改善临床结局的需求

2017年《2型糖尿病合并动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病患者降糖药物应用专家共识》7建议,对于2型糖尿病合并动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的患者,血糖管理的总原则是必须兼顾降糖有效性和心血管安全性,并优先考虑选择具有心血管获益证据的降糖药。

近日,勃林格殷格翰-礼来糖尿病联盟宣布,新型口服降糖药钠-葡萄糖共转运体2(SGLT-2)抑制剂欧唐静®(通用名:恩格列净)已获得国家食品药品监督管理局的批准在中国大陆上市,成为目前唯一被严格循证医学证据证实能显着降低T2DM合并CVD患者心血管风险的口服降糖药。其大规模心血管安全性循证医学研究EMPA-REG OUTCOME®在2015年欧洲糖尿病研究协会年会(EASD)上公布,研究结果表明,与安慰剂治疗组相比,伴CVD的T2DM患者应用恩格列净治疗可显着降低主要复合心血管终点事件的发生率14%,降低心血管死亡率38%8

除高血糖外,T2DM患者往往合并有高血压、血脂异常、肥胖等多重心血管危险因素。因此,对于大多数T2DM患者,特别是合并CVD的患者,应采取综合管理策略,在控制血糖的同时,全面管理好各种心血管危险因素。恩格列净除具有明确的降糖效果外,还能带来减轻体重、降低血压、降低尿酸的额外获益8

中华医学会内分泌学分会主任委员、解放军总医院内分泌科主任母义明教授指出:“多年以来,先后结束的多项降糖治疗试验均未能证实通过降低血糖水平能够有效改善糖尿病患者大血管预后。恩格列净的EMPA-REG OUTCOME®研究首次打破这一僵局,由此翻开了口服降糖药物降低心血管疾病死亡风险的新篇章,具有划时代的意义。”

参考文献

[1] Hanefeld M, Monnier L, Schnell O, et al. Early Treatment with Basal Insulin Glargine in People with Type 2 Diabetes: Lessons from ORIGIN and Other Cardiovascular Trials[J]. Diabetes Therapy, 2016, 7(2): 187-201.

[2] 中华医学会糖尿病学分会糖尿病慢性并发症调查组. 全国住院糖尿病患者慢性并发症及其相关危险因素10年回顾性调查分析[J]. 中国糖尿病杂志, 2003, 11(4):232-237.

[3] Ji L, Hu D, Pan C, et al. Primacy of the 3B approach to control risk factors for cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes patients.[J]. American Journal of Medicine, 2013, 126(10):925.e11-12.

[4] Li G, Zhang P, Wang J, et al. Cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and diabetes incidence after lifestyle intervention for people with impaired glucose tolerance in the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study: a 23-year follow-up study[J]. Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2014, 2(6):474-80.

[5] 陈兴宝, 唐玲, 陈慧云,等. 2型糖尿病并发症对患者治疗费用的影响评估[J]. 中国糖尿病杂志, 2003, 11(4):238-241.

[6] 高颖, 杨光燃, 周迎生,等. 心血管疾病合并糖尿病口服降糖药物应用专家共识[J]. 中华内科杂志, 2014, 53(10):440-446.

[7] 洪天配, 母义明, 纪立农,等. 2型糖尿病合并动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病患者降糖药物应用专家共识[J]. 中国介入心脏病学杂志, 2017, 25(7):481-492.

[8] Rosenstein R, Hough A. Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes.[J]. New England Journal of Medicine, 2015, 373(22):2117-28.

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    2017-12-08 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

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    2017-12-08 wqkm

    ^_^^_^^_^

    0

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