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Genome Biology:美学者准备开发从血液样品诊断并定位癌症计算机程序

2017-04-11 佚名 生物帮

美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校Jasmine Zhou教授的一篇研究论文在国际著名学术期刊《Genome BioLogy》上发表,论文报道了研究人员已经开发出一种可从患者的血液样品中检测癌症并确定癌症位于身体何处的计算机程序。Jasmine Zhou教授提到:“癌症的非侵入性诊断非常重要,因为其能够对癌症进行早期诊断,而癌症越早诊断,患者战胜疾病的机会就越大。我们开发出一种计算机驱动型测试,能够从单


美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校Jasmine Zhou教授的一篇研究论文在国际著名学术期刊《Genome BioLogy》上发表,论文报道了研究人员已经开发出一种可从患者的血液样品中检测癌症并确定癌症位于身体何处的计算机程序。

Jasmine Zhou教授提到:“癌症的非侵入性诊断非常重要,因为其能够对癌症进行早期诊断,而癌症越早诊断,患者战胜疾病的机会就越大。我们开发出一种计算机驱动型测试,能够从单个血液样品中检测癌症,并同时确认癌症类型。此项技术处于初级阶段,并需要进一步验证,但其能够给患者带来巨大的潜在益处”。

该程序的工作机制在于寻找在患者血液中自由流动的癌症DNA中的特殊分子模式,并将其与作者校勘的不同癌症类型的肿瘤表观遗传数据库相比较。已知来自肿瘤细胞的DNA在癌症早期阶段最终进入血液,因此对疾病的早期检测提供了独特的标靶。

Zhou教授解释认为:“我们建立了表观遗传标志物,特别是甲基化模式,的数据库,这些标志物在许多类型的癌症中都很常见,并对起源于肺或肝等特定组织的癌症具有特异性。我们还汇编了非癌症样本的同一“分子印迹”,从而拥有比较癌症样本的基线印迹。这些标志物可用于将血液中发现的自由DNA去卷积为肿瘤DNA和非肿瘤DNA。”

本项研究使用来自29位肝癌患者、12位肺癌患者和5位乳腺癌患者的血液样本对这种新型计算机程序以及另外两种名为Random Forest和Support Vector Machine的方法进行了测试。对每个样本进行10次测试以验证结果。Random Forest和Support Vector Machine方法分别具有0.646和0.604的总错误率(测试产生假阳性的可能性),而新型程序获得了0.265的更低错误率。

本项研究测试的29位肝癌患者和25位肺癌患者中分别有12位和5位患有早期癌症,而该程序能够检测出80%的病例。根据研究人员的说法,虽然在这些癌症的早期阶段血液中存在的肿瘤DNA水平非常低,但该程序仍能做出诊断,证明了此种方法具有癌症早期检测的潜力。

Zhou教授补充道:“由于血液样本的数量有限,仅在三种癌症类型(乳腺癌、肝癌和肺癌)中对本项研究的结果进行了评估。通常,血液中肿瘤DNA的片段越多,程序产生的诊断结果越准确。因此,使用该方法早期诊断肝和肺等循环较好的器官中的肿瘤比诊断乳腺等循环较差的器官中的肿瘤更加容易。”

原始出处:

Shuli Kang,Qingjiao Li,Quan Chen,et al.CancerLocator: non-invasive cancer diagnosis and tissue-of-origin prediction using methylation profiles of Cell-free DNA.Genome Biology.DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1191-5

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    2017-08-27 sunylz
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    2017-09-12 docwu2019
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    2017-11-29 bioon14
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    2017-04-12 ylzr123

    反复实践,反复学习,认真推敲,不断提高自己的业务水平。

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JNCI:美国国家癌症年度报告:癌症死亡率持续下降,常见癌症5年存活率从50%上升到66%

3月31日,美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)、北美中央癌症登记协会(NAACCR)、美国癌症协会(ACS)和国家癌症研究所(NCI)联合在《Journal of the National Cancer Institute》杂志上发表了一份“美国国家癌症年度报告”(《Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975–2014, Fea

美国HIV相关癌症正在逐年减少

【艾滋病感染者的患癌档案正在改变】随着医学技术的不断发展,HIV不再是凶恶的杀手,它慢慢成为了一种慢性疾病。来自杜克大学的研究人员表示,这一转变过程HIV感染者的患癌情况提供了一个镜面影像。到2030年,HIV感染者中患癌的比例将呈戏剧性的趋势,由于自身免疫系统损坏而导致的癌症病例逐年减少。前列腺癌、肺癌和肝癌预计将成为这个群体中最常见的癌症,紧随其后的是肛门癌,肛门癌是通过人类乳头状瘤病毒(HP

《纽约客》深度长文:当人工智能遇上医生

说到悉达多•穆克吉博士,也许不少人对他的名字感到陌生。但不少人都熟知他的两部作品《众病之王:癌症传》和《基因:亲密的历史》。前者让穆克吉博士拿到了非小说类普利策奖,而后者则被比尔·盖茨先生推荐为2016年最佳书籍。最近,穆克吉博士在《纽约客》(The New Yorker)上刊发长文,以一名医生的独特视角,审视最近几年为医学带来冲击的人工智能。他在这篇长文中记录下的七段小故事,勾勒出了未来医生与人

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