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以毒攻毒!致幻蘑菇有望治疗酒精成瘾

2022-09-10 生物探索 生物探索

每日饮酒五杯以上即为酒精成瘾,研究显示酒精成瘾每年导致大量人死亡,而目前并没有有效的戒酒药物。近日一项研究表明,致幻蘑菇中的一种迷幻化合物罗盖菇素可能是治疗酒精成瘾的有效方法。

根据美国疾病控制中心的数据显示,酒精滥用在美国每年导致约95000人死亡,人均寿命缩短26年。这些数据表明,酒精成瘾危害巨大,亟待有效的解决措施。

近日,一项发表在JAMA Psychiatry上,题为“Percentage of Heavy Drinking Days Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy vs Placebo in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder”的研究发现,接受致幻蘑菇提取物裸盖菇素治疗的人酗酒程度显著减少,裸盖菇素与心理治疗的联合使用与饮酒量的持续下降有关。

裸盖菇素是致幻蘑菇中的一种提取成分,可产生致幻和快感等精神症状,因此是一种高度管制药品。近年来,有研究表明,裸盖菇素可能有治疗癌症疼痛、阿片类药物成瘾、PTSD等疾病的效果,为此,纽约大学专家想要通过试验检测这种化合物对酒精成瘾的治疗作用。

图片

1 研究成果(图源:[1] 

在这项研究中,研究人员一共招募了93名参与者,参与者年龄在2565岁之间且被诊断为酒精成瘾,在筛选前30天内至少有四天存在大量饮酒的情况。随后,这些参与者在接受了为期12周的心理治疗后,接着被随机分配至裸盖菇素组和抗组织胺药安慰剂组,接受为期32周的药物治疗。

研究结果显示,在服用裸盖菇素八个月后,服用裸盖菇素的人中有48%完全停止了饮酒,而相比之下,接受安慰剂治疗的参与者中只有24%完全停止饮酒。 

尽管这是首次将裸盖菇素作为治疗酒精成瘾的安慰剂对照试验,但这并不是第一次研究迷幻药作为治疗这种疾病的可能药物。在5060年代,就已经有研究人员测试了LSD作为酒精成瘾的治疗方法,发现结果良好[2]

值得一提的是,这项研究也存在一定局限性,比如患有精神疾病的患者尚未被纳入研究,无法同时评估不同亚组的影响。此外,也无法了解心理治疗和裸盖菇素是如何相关作用的。

根据研究结果,论文主要作者之一Bogenschutz表示,纽约大学将从明年初开展一项有200多名参与者的多地点试验,并根据研究结果决定是否向美国食品药品监督管理递交批准申请。 

综上,这项研究是一项重大突破性研究,因为至今为止治疗尚无有效治疗酒精成瘾的药物,现有治疗药物的长期疗效有限,而该项研究或许为有效治疗酒精成瘾提供了一个新的解决思路。

参考资料:

[1]Bogenschutz MP, Ross S, Bhatt S, et al. Percentage of Heavy Drinking Days Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy vs Placebo in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2022 Aug 24. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.2096. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36001306.

[2]https://www.statnews.com/2022/08/24/psilocybin-shows-promise-for-treating-alcohol-addiction-study/ 

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    2022-09-12 楚秀娟

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