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JAMA:肺动脉高压(PAH)的常见临床表现

2022-05-28 刘少飞 MedSci原创

肺动脉高压(PAH)是肺动脉高压(PH)的一种亚型,以肺动脉重构为特征。在美国,PAH 的患病率约为每 100 万成年人中有 10.6 例。未经治疗,PAH 会发展为右心衰竭和死亡。

肺动脉高压(PAH)是一种危及生命的疾病,其特征是由于肺血管阻力增加导致肺动脉压力升高。PAH 的症状是非特异性的,但通常包括劳力性呼吸困难和疲劳。在美国,PAH 的估计患病率为每 100 万成年人 10.6 人。未经治疗,PAH 通常会发展为右心室衰竭和死亡。治疗在过去十年中显着改善了结果。任何出现无法解释的劳力性呼吸困难的患者都应考虑该诊断。那PAH常见的临床表现有哪些呢?

临床表现:

PAH 的症状可能是非特异性的并且起病隐匿。在美国国立卫生研究院登记的 187 名 PAH 患者中,呼吸困难是 60% 的首发症状,尽管 98% 的人在诊断 PAH 时报告呼吸困难。也会出现疲劳 (19%)、近乎晕厥 (5%)、晕厥 (8%) 和胸痛 (7%)。对于晚期疾病,这些症状可能在极少的运动或休息时出现。

早期疾病的体格检查结果是微妙的。在 187 名患者中,93% 的患者第二心音响亮。其他明显的发现(右侧第三心音、三尖瓣反流杂音、颈静脉扩张增加、右心室隆起)发生在更晚期的疾病中。随着右心室功能障碍的恶化,可能会出现下肢水肿、腹胀和腹水。

诊断通常会延迟:REVEAL 登记中 21.1% 的患者(n = 2967)在诊断前症状已超过 2 年。年龄较小(<36 岁)以及同时存在哮喘和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停等常见呼吸系统疾病会增加诊断延迟。预后与就诊时的疾病严重程度相关。专家共识建议早期诊断和早期治疗可以提高生存率。需要高度怀疑患有无法解释的劳力性呼吸困难或疲劳的患者。

 

参考文献:

Ruopp NF, Cockrill BA. Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Review. JAMA. 2022 Apr 12;327(14):1379-1391. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.4402. PMID: 35412560.

 

 

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    2022-05-28 hb2010ye
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    2022-05-26 肿瘤克星

    JAMA上文章都是顶级的,谢谢梅斯及时上新

    0

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