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stroke:天坛医院:调查中国1万脑中风患者,男女预后差别如何?

2022-03-06 Freeman MedSci原创

与男性相比,在中国,女性AIS患者在3个月内获得有利结果的可能性较小

中风是全世界死亡和残疾的主要原因,2016年估计有550万人死亡。发展中国家占中风负担的2/3以上。以前曾有过关于中风结果的性别差异的报道,女性患者更可能有更大的中风严重性和更差的结果。更好地了解卒中结果的性别差异,以及这些差异与其他风险因素的关系,对于用有针对性的策略管理卒中患者是必要的。

卒中对女性和男性患者的影响不同,但这些差异的来源和后果尚不清楚。一些证据表明,女性患者的院内死亡率较低,功能结局更有利。相反,其他研究显示,女性中风幸存者的院内死亡率较高,功能预后明显较差。女性卒中幸存者在卒中后3个月和6个月时也出现了不利的功能结局。

以往关于性别差异的研究主要是测量出院时或卒中发生后最初几个月的卒中结果。还有一些研究是在单一中心进行的,或在样本量小、不具代表性的登记处进行的,或没有包括潜在的混杂因素,导致了与性别有关的结果存在争议。此外,很少有研究关注发展中国家,而三分之二以上的脑卒中发生在这些国家。

藉此,北京天坛医院的Meng Wang等人,探索中风结局的性别差异,包括中风复发、死亡率和中风后3个月、6个月和12个月的功能结果,这是一项大型的多中心中风登记研究,在中国各地的医院都有参与。

在2015年至2018年注册的15166名患者中,纳入了9038名急性缺血性卒中(AIS)患者。主要结果是3、6和12个月的卒中复发、死亡率和不利的功能结局(改良的Rankin量表[mRS]>2)。

卒中复发和死亡率采用Cox回归模型,不利功能结局采用Logistic回归模型,并作如下调整。

  (1)模型1:不做调整;

(2)模型2:对潜在危险因素、入院时NIHSS、卒中前mRS、组织纤溶酶原激活剂(TPA)治疗、TOAST分类和发病-入院时间进行调整;

(3)模型3:除血压和血清协变量外,对模型2的协变量进行调整。对缺失值采用了多重归因法,并进行了敏感性分析,以描述各年龄组的性别差异。


他们发现:三分之一的患者(2802/9038)是女性。女性的年龄明显大于男性(64.78±10.84 vs. 61.26±11.42,P<0.001)。

在完全调整的模型中,女性患者在3个月时更有可能出现不利的功能结果(几率比[OR],1.28[1.09,1.50]),特别是在65岁或以上的患者中(OR,1.39[1.14,1.70]),但在年龄小于65岁的患者中没有发现差异。调整后3、6、12个月的卒中复发率和死亡率或6、12个月的不利功能结果没有性别差异。

该研究的重要意义在于发现了:与男性相比,在中国,女性AIS患者在3个月内获得有利结果的可能性较小,尤其是在65岁以上的人群中。专家应致力于为高危患者量身定制二级预防策略。

 


原文出处:
Wang M, Wang C, Gu HQ, et al. Sex Differences in Short-term and Long-term Outcomes among Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients in China. Stroke. Published online February 8, 2022:STROKEAHA.121.037121. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.037121

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    2022-03-06 屋顶瞄爱赏月

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这项研究确定了与中风后 1 年的认知功能、抑郁症和 PTSD 的遗传关联。

【临床速查】一目了然:卒中诊疗公式集锦

卒中是一种严重的脑血管疾病,它可以迅速导致脑组织损伤,甚至死亡。卒中的治疗需要我们具备高度的专业知识和快速响应能力。

贺歆彦教授:脑卒中相关性睡眠障碍的诊治

脑卒中相关性睡眠障碍,亦称卒中后睡眠障碍、中风后睡眠障碍,是在脑卒中后发生的睡眠紊乱,是脑卒中患者的常见并发症之一。为深入认识脑卒中相关性睡眠障碍,特邀黔南州人民医院贺歆彦主任同大家交流分享。

脑卒中营养管理的最佳证据总结

暂未更新 · 2024-09-12

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