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Int J Nanomedicine:层状双氢氧化物可以促进口服胰岛素的高效吸收

2022-01-01 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

胰岛素的使用使糖尿病患者能够充分控制他们的血糖水平。然而,当胰岛素抵抗发展时,胰岛素的逐渐增加(这是必要的)会导致越来越多的有害副作用。

背景:胰岛素的使用使糖尿病患者能够充分控制他们的血糖水平。然而,当胰岛素抵抗发展时,胰岛素的逐渐增加(这是必要的)会导致越来越多的有害副作用。因此,提高胰岛素的利用效率对于有效治疗糖尿病至关重要。无机纳米材料被广泛用于治疗各种疾病,据报道具有抗癌、抗炎和降糖的活性。具体地说,可以对新型层状双氢氧化物(LDH)进行修饰,以延长纳米粒子的性能。研究表明,将药物装载到LDH中可以减缓药物的释放,从而减少给药频率,提高抗炎、癌症和心血管疾病的治疗效果。本研究旨在构建一种由脱氧胆酸和透明质酸修饰的层状双氢氧化物纳米粒给药系统,以提高口服胰岛素的生物利用度。

方法:以乳酸脱氢酶为底物,通过二羧酸和透明质酸的杂交合成乳酸脱氢酶-二羧酸-透明质酸。随后,胰岛素被装载到乳酸脱氢酶-二羧酸-透明质酸上,导致胰岛素@乳酸脱氢酶-二羧酸-透明质酸的形成。将糖尿病小鼠随机分为口服Ins+LDHDCA-HA组(n=6,60IU/kg)、皮下注射胰岛素组(阳性对照组,n=6;5IU/kg)、口服游离胰岛素组(阴性对照组,n=6,60IU/kg)和口服乳酸脱氢酶组(n=6,60IU/kg)。分别于给药前、给药后1、2、4、6、8、10、12h从小鼠尾静脉采血。血糖水平使用GA-3型血糖仪(Sinocare Inc.,湖南长沙)测量。用70 mg/kg戊巴比妥钠麻醉小鼠,剖腹暴露小肠,两端结扎2 cm肠环。将500μL体积的异硫氰酸异硫氰酸酯标记的Ins@LDHDCA-HA或异硫氰酸异硫氰酸酯-胰岛素注入小肠结扎段,缝合腹腔。处理后1h(小鼠安乐死后)取出小肠,用PBS冲洗,用4%多聚甲醛固定。用抗SLC10A1蛋白抗体处理肠上皮,免疫组织化学(IHC)分析。在处死小鼠前2小时口服脱氧胆酸进行受体阻断实验。分析了修饰前后胰岛素释放的体内和体外机制以及胰岛素吸收的效率。

结果:MTT法显示,浓度低于1000μg/mL的乳酸脱氢酶-二羧酸脱氢酶-透明质酸与Caco-2细胞具有良好的生物相容性。流式细胞术分析显示Caco-2细胞比胰岛素更容易吸收INS@LDH-DCA-HA。上皮间电阻的测量表明,INS@LDH-DCA-HA诱导细胞紧密连接的可逆性打开,从而促进其吸收。激光共聚焦显微镜分析证实了这一点,揭示了大量的咬合带-1紧密连接(TJ)蛋白被用于纳米颗粒的细胞旁通路。我们还测量了I型糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平,发现口服INS@LDH-DCA-HA具有持续12小时的稳定降糖作用,餐后血糖波动范围较小。免疫荧光分析显示,INS@LDH-DCA-HA的强渗透能力使胰岛素比自由胰岛素更容易进入上皮细胞。最后,抗slc10a1蛋白免疫组化分析证实,胆酸转运蛋白受体蛋白在INS@LDH-DCA-HA的功能中发挥了关键作用。

图1 LDH-DCA-HA的合成路线。

图2 LDH和LDH-DCA-HA的X射线光电子能谱分析。(A-D);透射电镜观察LDH(E)和LDH-DCA-HA(F)的形态。

表1 LDH、LDH-DCA-HA和InS@LDH-DCA-HA的粒径、多分散性指数和Zeta电位

图3 LDH和LDH-DCA-HA的热重分析

图9 乳酸脱氢酶和乳酸脱氢酶-DCA-HA口服胰岛素的降血糖作用

结论:经DCA和HA修饰的LDH纳米颗粒通过打开细胞的TJ并与胆酸转运体受体蛋白相互作用来提高胰岛素的吸收效率。

原文出处:

Huang X,  Han S,  Chen Z,et al.Layered Double Hydroxide Modified with Deoxycholic and Hyaluronic Acids for Efficient Oral Insulin Absorption.Int J Nanomedicine 2021;16

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    2022-04-19 baoya
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    2022-10-19 jeanqiuqiu
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    2022-08-21 kalseyzl
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