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Neuron:克服恐慌的神经回路

2014-12-03 蓝建中 新华网

日本理化研究所日前宣布,其研究人员发现了对动物克服恐慌不可或缺的脑神经回路,这一神经回路能使动物在察觉危险后,克服恐慌反应并冷静地采取适当办法来规避危险。 涉世不深的小老鼠感觉到猫的气息时,会因为恐慌而吓得缩成一团,而经验丰富的老鼠,却不会出现这种恐慌反应,反而会寻找最安全的通道逃走。假如某种动物感觉到危险,并按其估计的“危险预测值”采取规避行动且最终有惊无险的话,那么这种规避行

日本理化研究所日前宣布,其研究人员发现了对动物克服恐慌不可或缺的脑神经回路,这一神经回路能使动物在察觉危险后,克服恐慌反应并冷静地采取适当办法来规避危险。

涉世不深的小老鼠感觉到猫的气息时,会因为恐慌而吓得缩成一团,而经验丰富的老鼠,却不会出现这种恐慌反应,反而会寻找最安全的通道逃走。假如某种动物感觉到危险,并按其估计的“危险预测值”采取规避行动且最终有惊无险的话,那么这种规避行动就会成为模式并得到强化,该动物也就由此获得规避某种危险的能力。

日本理化研究所的研究人员利用小型淡水鱼——斑马鱼开展的实验显示,如果切断其从脑内缰核发出的信息,斑马鱼就无法再主动学习规避危险的动作。反之,如果人为激活缰核,则会促使斑马鱼采取避险行动。

哺乳动物脑内也有缰核,负责调节位于脑干中缝核的活动,而中缝核能分泌与情绪等感觉有关的脑内神经传递物质——血清素。研究人员由此认为,“危险预测值”的信息就是通过血清素传递的。

研究人员认为,如果无法利用“危险预测值”采取适当的行动,就无法摆脱本能的恐慌反应,从而引发恐慌症等病。恐慌症是一种常见的慢性病,主要症状为心悸、呼吸急促、焦虑及恐惧等。因此,发现遏制恐慌的神经回路将有助于开发治疗上述疾病的方法。

这一成果的研究论文将刊登在12月3日出版的美国科学杂志《神经元》上。

原始出处:

Ryunosuke Amo, Felipe Fredes, Masae Kinoshita, Ryo Aoki, Hidenori Aizawa, Masakazu Agetsuma, Tazu Aoki, Toshiyuki Shiraki, Hisaya Kakinuma, Masaru Matsuda, Masako Yamazaki, Mikako Takahoko, Takashi Tsuboi, Shin-ichi Higashijima, Nobuhiko Miyasaka, Tetsuya Koide, Yoichi Yabuki, Yoshihiro Yoshihara Tomoki Fukai and Hitoshi Okamoto. The habenulo-raphe serotonergic circuit encodes an aversive expectation value essential for adaptive active avoidance of danger. Neuron,November 20, 2014; doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.10.035


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    2014-12-03 SSRIs

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