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O药一线治疗胶质母细胞瘤3期临床失败 销量不及K药成定局?

2019-05-11 newborn 新浪医药新闻

肿瘤免疫治疗巨头百时美施贵宝(BMS)近日宣布,评估其PD-1肿瘤免疫疗法Opdivo(欧狄沃,通用名:nivolumab,纳武单抗)治疗多形性胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)的III期临床研究CheckMate-498(NCT02617589)未能达到延长总生存期(OS)的主要终点。

肿瘤免疫治疗巨头百时美施贵宝(BMS)近日宣布,评估其PD-1肿瘤免疫疗法Opdivo(欧狄沃,通用名:nivolumab,纳武单抗)治疗多形性胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)的III期临床研究CheckMate-498(NCT02617589)未能达到延长总生存期(OS)的主要终点。

该研究是一项随机、多中心研究,在新诊断的非甲基化O6-甲基鸟嘌呤DNA甲基转移酶(MGMT)GBM成人患者中开展,评估了Opdivo联合放疗相对于化疗(temozolomide,替莫唑胺)联合放疗的疗效和安全性。研究中,患者在手术后随机分配进入实验组和阳性对照组:实验组患者每2周接受一次Opdivo静脉输注,同时进行放射治疗,随后每4周接受一次Opdivo维持治疗,直到疾病进展或不可接受的毒性;阳性对照组接受替莫唑胺化疗和放射治疗。研究的主要终点是OS,次要终点包括无进展生存期(PFS)和两年总生存率。

结果显示,在最终分析时,与阳性对照组相比,实验组OS未表现出显着改善。该研究中Opdivo的安全性与先前的实体瘤临床研究中一致。BMS将对该研究的数据进行全面评估,相关数据将在未来召开的医学会议上公布。

BMS开发主管Fouad Namouni博士表示,“虽然我们对CheckMate-498研究未能达到其主要终点感到失望,但GBM是一种众所周知的侵袭性癌症。我们感谢所有参与这项研究的人员,并继续致力于探索免疫疗法的潜力,以解决患有这一毁灭性疾病的患者群体中存在的尚未满足的重要医疗需求。”

目前,BMS正在开展另一项III期临床研究CheckMate-548(NCT02667587),评估Opdivo联合当前标准护理方案(放疗+替莫唑胺)治疗新诊MGMT甲基化GBM成人患者的疗效和安全性。MGMT甲基化状态是GBM中最常用的生物标志物,研究表明,该生物标志物可预测GBM患者对烷基化化疗(如替莫唑胺)反应的可能性。与MGMT甲基化GBM患者相比,MGMT非甲基化GBM患者的预后更差。

Opdivo是一种PD-1免疫检查点抑制剂,旨在通过阻断PD-1与其配体的相互作用,利用人体自身的免疫系统帮助恢复抗肿瘤免疫应答,并且已经成为多种癌症的重要治疗选择。目前,BMS正在开展广泛的临床试验,评估Opdivo治疗各种类型肿瘤的潜力。迄今为止,Opdivo临床开发项目已招募超过2.5万例患者。

GBM是中枢神经系统最常见、最具侵袭性的原发性恶性肿瘤,5年生存率小于5%。在全球范围内,每年约有30万人患上脑癌或中枢神经系统癌症,24.1万人死于脑癌或中枢神经系统癌。新诊断的GBM患者的标准治疗包括手术、放疗和化疗,但治疗方案有限。在2005年,美国FDA批准了最后一种提高新诊断GBM患者生存期的药物Temodar(替莫唑胺)。

肿瘤免疫疗法现状:全球已有9款PD-(L)1单抗获批




国外已上市PD-(L)1销售预测(图片来源:EvaluatePharma)

截至目前,在全球范围内,已有8款PD-1/PD-L1肿瘤免疫疗法获批上市,分别为BMS Opdivo(靶点PD-1)、默沙东Keytruda(pembrolizumab,靶点PD-1)、罗氏Tecentriq(atezolizumab,靶点PD-L1)、阿斯利康Imfinzi(durvalumab,靶点PD-L1)、辉瑞/默克Bavencio(avelumab,靶点PD-L1)、赛诺菲/再生元Libtayo(cemiplimab)、君实生物拓益(JS001,特瑞普利单抗,靶点PD-1)、信达生物信迪利单抗(sintilimab,靶点PD-1)。此外还有1款新进成员恒瑞医药卡瑞利珠单抗(camrelizumab,靶点PD-1),近日其在我国药审中心的审批状态已更新为获批上市,用于复发/难治性霍奇金淋巴瘤三线治疗,但尚未发布官方公告。(详见:爆!恒瑞PD-1单抗获批上市)

上月,国外生物技术网站GEN上月发布《2018年最畅销的10款抗癌药》榜单,Opdivo是全球第二大畅销抗癌药,2018年销售额达到了75.7亿美元,Keytruda在榜单中位列第三,销售额为71.71亿美元。

但得益于肺癌领域的空前成功,Keytruda自2019年起销售额将超越Opdivo,成为最畅销的PD-1肿瘤免疫疗法。根据BMS和默沙东已发布的2019Q1业绩报告,Opdivo在今年一季度的销售额为18亿美元,与去年同期增长19%,而Keytruda一季度销售额达到了23亿美元,较去年同期涨幅高达55%。此次GBM治疗的暂时失败,为其业绩预期再增阴影。

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