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JAMA:行PCI手术NSTE-ACS患者不建议使用奥米沙班

2013-09-23 伊文 医学界

研究要点: 研究人员开展TAO研究,旨在比较对于行介入治疗的NSTE-ACS患者,单用奥米沙班与普通肝素联用埃替非巴肽(UFH-plus-eptifibatide)的疗效与安全性。 研究结果显示,奥米沙班与普通肝素联用埃替非巴肽治疗相比,不能降低缺血性事件发生风险且可增加出血风险。研究结果不支持对早期行PCI手术的NSTE-ACS患者使用奥米沙班。 研究结果发表在JAMA杂志9月

研究要点:

研究人员开展TAO研究,旨在比较对于行介入治疗的NSTE-ACS患者,单用奥米沙班与普通肝素联用埃替非巴肽(UFH-plus-eptifibatide)的疗效与安全性。

研究结果显示,奥米沙班与普通肝素联用埃替非巴肽治疗相比,不能降低缺血性事件发生风险且可增加出血风险。研究结果不支持对早期行PCI手术的NSTE-ACS患者使用奥米沙班。

研究结果发表在JAMA杂志9月18日在线版。【原文下载】

目前,行介入手术治疗的非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS) 患者的最佳口服抗凝药物尚不明了。因此研究人员开展了TAO研究,旨在比较对于行介入治疗的NSTE-ACS患者,单用奥米沙班与普通肝素联用埃替非巴肽(UFH-plus-eptifibatide)的疗效与安全性。研究结果发表在JAMA杂志9月18日在线版。

研究共纳入55个国家568个研究中心共13229名患者,所有患者均患有NSTE-ACS,并计划接受介入手术。这项研究起始时间为2010年4月至2013年2月。

受试者被随机分配成两组,一组接受奥米沙班治疗,一组接受普通肝素联用埃替非巴肽治疗。奥米沙班的使用剂量为:静脉推注 0.080mg/kg,随后按照0.140mg/h的速度进行滴注。研究的主要治疗终点为治疗7天后全因死亡率及新发心肌梗死的综合评价。主要安全终点为7天后心肌梗死血栓形成以及小出血。

研究数据显示,主要终点发生率分别为:奥米沙班组5.5%,UFH-plus-eptifibatide组别发生率为5.7%(校正后相对风险,0.99【95%CI,0.85-1.16);P=.93)。次要治疗终点(包括治疗中血栓并发症),两组之间无差异。主要安全终点发生率分别为:奥米沙班组3.1%,UFH-plus-eptifibatide组1.5%(RR,2.13【95%CI,1.63-2.78】;P<.001)。

研究人员由此得出结论,奥米沙班与普通肝素联用埃替非巴肽治疗相比,不能降低缺血性事件发生风险且可增加出血风险。研究结果不支持对早期行PCI手术的NSTE-ACS患者使用奥米沙班。

研究背景:

对于NSTE-ACS患者,从急诊入院到血运重建的整个治疗过程,学界对最佳单一注射类抗凝药还没有共识。目前,PCI术中使用普通肝素(尤其与糖蛋白IIb / IIIa受体抑制剂联用时)仍是一种有效治疗手段且被广泛接受。但是普通肝素有很多限制因素,比如治疗时间窗较窄、抗凝反应较难预测、活化血小板因子4受体。因此,PCI术中服用普通肝素,同时加用糖蛋白IIb / IIIa受体抑制剂可提高普通肝素对于ACS患者的疗效,但同时增加出血风险。

奥米沙班是一种合成的活化X因子直接抑制剂,为静脉注射用药。它通过一种剂量依赖的方式抑制血栓形成,起效和失效比较迅速,药代动力学遵循线性规律,不易经肾脏消除。SEPIA-ACS1 TIMI 42二期试验显示,奥米沙班治疗组与普通肝素联用埃替非巴肽治疗组相比,患者死亡及心梗风险降低。SEPIA-ACS1 TIMI 42二期试验纳入患者为NSTE-ACS患者,且所有患者均计划行介入治疗。此外,这项研究显示,两组之间出血风险相似。

此前有研究表明,活化X因子抑制剂治疗ACS有血栓形成风险,因此PCI术中应注意调整这些抗凝药物以及其他加用抗血栓因子的剂量,但是应用中等剂量的奥米沙班似乎并不用担心这些因素。此外,考虑到奥米沙班起效失效迅速、静脉给药、可预测的抗凝反应(无需监测)等优势,奥米沙班可能是NSTE-ACS患者从急诊到介入治疗的单一抗凝药物,且很可能具有很大优势。

因此,研究人员开展了TAO研究,旨在比较对于行介入治疗的NSTE-ACS患者,单用奥米沙班与普通肝素联用埃替非巴肽(UFH-plus-eptifibatide)的疗效与安全性。

原文下载
Steg PG, Mehta SR, Pollack CV Jr, Bode C, Cohen M, French WJ, Hoekstra J, Rao SV, Ruzyllo W, Ruiz-Nodar JM, Sabaté M, Widimsky P, Kiss RG, Navarro Estrada JL, Hod H, Kerkar P, Guneri S, Sezer M, Ruda M, Nicolau JC, Cavallini C, Ebrahim I, Petrov I, Kim JH, Jeong MH, Ramos Lopez GA, Laanmets P, Kovar F, Gaudin C, Fanouillere KC, Minini P, Hoffman EB, Moryusef A, Wiviott SD, Sabatine MS; TAO Investigators. Anticoagulation With Otamixaban and Ischemic Events in Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes :The TAO Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA. 2013 Sep 18
    

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    2014-06-30 drj2003
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    2013-09-25 yaanren
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AHJ:TAO研究将评估奥米沙班有效性和安全性

  美国学者正在实施的TAO研究将以非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者为受试者,并对奥米沙班的临床有效性和安全性加以评估。论文于2012年11月8日在线发表于《美国心脏杂志》(AHJ)。   奥米沙班为高选择性Xa因子直接抑制剂。一项在ACS患者中实施的临床Ⅱ期试验显示,与普通肝素(UFH)和依替巴肽相比,中等剂量奥米沙班可显著减少由死亡或心梗组成的复合终点,并且出血发生率相似。

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