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Curr Biol:麻醉剂在机体发挥作用的分子机制

2013-05-06 T.Shen 生物谷

2012年10月29日当病人被麻醉剂麻醉后,他们经常会被告知将会进入睡眠状态,使用麻醉药物可以对大脑进行作用来达到相同的效果。近日,刊登在国际杂志Current Biology上的一篇研究报告指出,麻醉药物并不会关闭大脑的觉醒状态,而且迫使大脑打开重要的睡眠通路。 来自宾夕法尼亚大学的研究者表示,尽管麻醉在人类中已经使用了超过160年时间了,可是我们仍然不理解麻醉药物如何使得患者产生全身麻醉的状

2012年10月29日当病人被麻醉剂麻醉后,他们经常会被告知将会进入睡眠状态,使用麻醉药物可以对大脑进行作用来达到相同的效果。近日,刊登在国际杂志Current Biology上的一篇研究报告指出,麻醉药物并不会关闭大脑的觉醒状态,而且迫使大脑打开重要的睡眠通路。

来自宾夕法尼亚大学的研究者表示,尽管麻醉在人类中已经使用了超过160年时间了,可是我们仍然不理解麻醉药物如何使得患者产生全身麻醉的状态。在本文研究中,研究者使用了一种吸入式的麻醉药物,可以直接促进睡眠促进神经元处于激活状态。研究者表示这种结果并不是巧合,而是许多的麻醉药物都可以通过恢复大脑天然的睡眠通路,来部分促使个体处于无意识状态。

这项研究中,研究者Kelz的研究团队重点研究了大脑的某个特殊部分-下丘脑深层区域,其可以增加个体从慢慢入睡到处于睡眠状态的大脑活性。使用直接电录声和其它方法结合,研究者发现,异氟醚(吸入麻醉剂)的吸入可以增加小鼠睡眠-促进大脑区域的活性。缺少睡眠-促进大脑神经元的动物会对麻醉剂的进入产生耐药,以导致麻醉剂无效。

这项研究发现不仅仅为临床治疗提供了线索,麻醉剂的发明是上个世纪人类伟大的发现之一,每年全世界超过2亿3千万人都会用到麻醉剂,研究者表示,未来关于麻醉剂的作用机理需要深入研究,研究其作用的分子机制,这对于人类的健康无疑会带来巨大帮助。

麻醉相关的拓展阅读:

Direct Activation of Sleep-Promoting VLPO Neurons by Volatile Anesthetics Contributes to Anesthetic Hypnosis

Background Despite seventeen decades of continuous clinical use, the neuronal mechanisms through which volatile anesthetics act to produce unconsciousness remain obscure. One emerging possibility is that anesthetics exert their hypnotic effects by hijacking endogenous arousal circuits. A key sleep-promoting component of this circuitry is the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), a hypothalamic region containing both state-independent neurons and neurons that preferentially fire during natural sleep. Results Using c-Fos immunohistochemistry as a biomarker for antecedent neuronal activity, we show that isoflurane and halothane increase the number of active neurons in the VLPO, but only when mice are sedated or unconscious. Destroying VLPO neurons produces an acute resistance to isoflurane-induced hypnosis. Electrophysiological studies prove that the neurons depolarized by isoflurane belong to the subpopulation of VLPO neurons responsible for promoting natural sleep, whereas neighboring non-sleep-active VLPO neurons are unaffected by isoflurane. Finally, we show that this anesthetic-induced depolarization is not solely due to a presynaptic inhibition of wake-active neurons as previously hypothesized but rather is due to a direct postsynaptic effect on VLPO neurons themselves arising from the closing of a background potassium conductance. Conclusions Cumulatively, this work demonstrates that anesthetics are capable of directly activating endogenous sleep-promoting networks and that such actions contribute to their hypnotic properties.

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    2015-12-26 hixiaoluo

    值得收藏,学习,谢谢分享

    0

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48114, encodeId=08fa48114ed, content=值得收藏,学习,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=154, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 15:16:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1766824, encodeId=6fdc1e668247c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=64f5343e2f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3437, encryptionId=64f5343e2f, topicName=Biol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=446937890434, createdName=12498ebem31暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Mar 26 22:55:00 CST 2014, time=2014-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1916948, encodeId=08171916948db, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Fri Mar 07 02:55:00 CST 2014, time=2014-03-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-03-07 sunylz
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