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J Clin Pathol:KIT突变研究有助于黑色素瘤的个体化治疗

2014-11-25 MedSci译 MedSci原创

胃肠(GI)道黑色素瘤是非常罕见的肿瘤,通常代表发生于小肠的的转移性疾病。在尸体检查中,43.5%--60%死于黑色素瘤的病人出现胃肠道转移。然而,因为缺少临床症状,只有<5%的胃肠道转移在病人的生存期中诊断出来。原发性粘膜黑色素瘤(MM)大约占了所有的黑色素瘤1.3%。肛门直肠(AR)黑色素瘤构成23.8%的原发性粘膜黑色素瘤,然而,发生在头颈部,女性生殖道和尿道的黑色素瘤的构成比分别为55.4

胃肠(GI)道黑色素瘤是非常罕见的肿瘤,通常代表发生于小肠的的转移性疾病。在尸体检查中,43.5%--60%死于黑色素瘤的病人出现胃肠道转移。然而,因为缺少临床症状,只有<5%的胃肠道转移在病人的生存期中诊断出来。原发性粘膜黑色素瘤(MM)大约占了所有的黑色素瘤1.3%。肛门直肠(AR)黑色素瘤构成23.8%的原发性粘膜黑色素瘤,然而,发生在头颈部,女性生殖道和尿道的黑色素瘤的构成比分别为55.4%,18%,2.8%。尽管罕见,胃肠道粘膜黑色素瘤在食管,胃,小肠和大肠都有发现。
    

胃肠道黑色素瘤预后极差,至今还未找到一种合适的治疗手段。为了进行更有效的个体化治疗,联合黑色素瘤的遗传学信号及形态学类型变得至关重要。最近几年,对伴有KIT突变的黑色素瘤病人使用激酶抑制剂治疗取得了比较可观的效果。

为了确定原发性肛门直肠黑色素瘤的分子信号,我们对KIT的畸变率进行了调查。通过比较31例原发性肛门直肠黑色素瘤和27例皮肤黑色素瘤胃肠道转移的病例,进而评价KIT的突变状态和c-KIT蛋白的表达。
    
应用高分辨率解链分析、直接基因序列分析和c-KIT免疫组化表达分析等方法,我们对原发性肛门直肠粘膜黑色素瘤(n=31)和胃肠道转移黑色素瘤(n=27)的外显子11、13、17和18等区域的KIT突变率进行了研究。同时应用荧光原位杂交技术检测增加了的KIT基因拷贝数。
    
研究结果显示 11/31(35.5%)的肛门直肠黑色素瘤和1/26(3.8%)的胃肠道黑色素转移瘤出现功能性KIT突变(p=0.004);使用KIT阳性的免疫染色法可观察到原发性和转移性黑色素瘤之间一个显著性的差异;免疫组化c-KIT蛋白过表达与KIT突变状态无关;另外结果还显示5/20的肛门直肠黑色素瘤原发性病例中出现KIT基因拷贝数增加。

肛门直肠粘膜黑色素瘤中KIT的功能突变率明显高于胃肠道转移性黑色素瘤。KIT蛋白过表达与KIT的突变无关,并且不能作为筛选方法使用。通过识别粘膜黑色素瘤的分子异质性,可以帮助我们确定需要使用不同治疗方法的病人。

原始出处:

Santi R1, Simi L2, Fucci R2, Paglierani M1, Pepi M1, Pinzani P2, Merelli B3, Santucci M1, Botti G4, Urso C5, Massi D1.KIT genetic alterations in anorectal melanomas.J Clin Pathol. 2014 Nov 14. pii: jclinpath-2014-202572. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202572. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2014-12-02 yb6560
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1786149, encodeId=58e21e86149ea, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=569f13e9045' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Pathol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13790, encryptionId=569f13e9045, topicName=Pathol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b65161, createdName=yb6560, createdTime=Tue Dec 02 23:58:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17488, encodeId=df471e4882e, content=好文章,超赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=136, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36a81612921, createdName=xiaoai5777, createdTime=Tue Mar 03 13:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1680263, encodeId=e781168026369, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e5c86e0712' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86707, encryptionId=9e5c86e0712, topicName=色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=343027846633, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Mon May 18 11:58:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1379737, encodeId=cb9013e973789, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=193721289ea' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#个体化治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21289, encryptionId=193721289ea, topicName=个体化治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=11b4465, createdName=ying_wu, createdTime=Thu Nov 27 00:58:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1435289, encodeId=b85c143528932, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9a5c212e88f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#个体化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21278, encryptionId=9a5c212e88f, topicName=个体化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Thu Nov 27 00:58:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1558679, encodeId=d9fd15586e9f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e27610332666' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黑色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103326, encryptionId=e27610332666, topicName=黑色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=150614999302, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Thu Nov 27 00:58:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1564688, encodeId=eb3d1564688d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e27610332666' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黑色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103326, encryptionId=e27610332666, topicName=黑色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=150614999302, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Thu Nov 27 00:58:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1585452, encodeId=9ae915854529f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f19310515b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#KIT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10515, encryptionId=f19310515b9, topicName=KIT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d8ff17204571, createdName=shuangle, createdTime=Thu Nov 27 00:58:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-03-03 xiaoai5777

    好文章,超赞

    0

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    2015-05-18 sunylz
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    2014-11-27 shuangle

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黑色素瘤是一种由皮肤和其他器官黑素细胞产生的肿瘤,表现为色素性皮损在数月或数年中发生明显改变。临床症状包括出血、瘙痒、压痛、溃疡等,其恶性程度高,转移发生早,死亡率高。全球每年有数以万计的人罹患这种疾病,其发病率攀升的速度比所有其他类型的实体瘤都要快。 最新一期(11月19日)的Nature杂志以“Outlook: Melanoma”为题,以九篇文章的形式专题介绍了有关黑色素瘤

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