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NEJM:医疗暴力零容忍,什么时候能做到?

2016-04-28 QQduhp MedSci原创

NEJM4月28日发表的一篇评论文章指出,如今医务工作者越来越多的遭受医患暴力,但是却没有一个令人满意的解决方案,这主要是由于施暴方不承认、院方漏报和调查失实及效率低下等原因所致。 2015年1月波士顿布莱根女性医院的一名外科医生被他曾经救治过的患者的儿子开枪打死。哈佛医学院和贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心的James Phillips博士指出,这件事引起了人们广泛的关注,但后续报告并不能代表医疗工

4月28日,最新一期的NEJM上发表的一篇评论文章指出,如今医务工作者越来越多的遭受医疗暴力,但是却没有一个令人满意的解决方案,这主要是由于施暴方不承认、院方漏报和调查失实及效率低下等原因所致。 

2015年1月波士顿布莱根女性医院的一名外科医生被他曾经救治过的患者的儿子开枪打死。哈佛医学院和贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心的James Phillips博士指出,这件事引起了人们广泛的关注,但后续报告并不能代表医疗工作场所中医务人员遭受暴力的严重程度。医务人员日常生活中面临最多的是比杀人更常见的低级暴力,如辱骂、人身攻击、恐吓、跟踪和性骚扰,但是很少有人会关注到这一点。Phillips博士指出,医务人员面临的医疗暴力是一个亟待解决的严重问题,但是无论是公众还是美国的医务人员都未真正关注这个问题。

在美国,2011-2013年之间
约75%的医疗场所发生医疗暴力;
约80%的急诊医务人员在工作期间遭遇医疗暴力;
约78%的急诊医生自诉在去年在医院成为医疗暴力攻击目标; 
约100% 的急诊护士在去年遭受了恐吓,约82.1%的急诊护士在去年遭遇了人身攻击;
约40%的精神科医生遭遇人身攻击。

精神病院等精神科医疗场所发生医疗暴力的几率是医院其他科室的69倍,是当之无愧的最易发生医疗暴力的地方。

每年约有61%的家庭卫生保健工作者自诉遭遇医疗暴力,且尽管研究人员缺乏家庭医生的院外资料,但是家庭医生依旧是遭遇医疗暴力的高风险人群。

然而,这些统计数据不能反映出问题的严重程度。因为不同的研究统计量不同,且大多数研究都采用自愿性回顾性调查,影响研究结果。 

急诊留观室和院内精神科病房是大多研究人员开展研究的地方,因为这两个地方是发生医疗暴力的高发地区。研究表明,护士和助理护士遭遇医疗暴力的风险最高,特别是在精神科病房工作的护士发生医疗暴力的风险更高。 

这会导致医务人员出现什么问题?

Phillips博士指出,最常见的是改变医务人员的精神状态,出现意识精神错乱、痴呆、滥用药物,以及严重的精神问题。 

俄亥俄州辛辛那提大学的Gordon Gillespie博士指出,大多数医疗暴力事件中都存在精神状态正常、心理健康的病人,虽然也有很多医疗暴力是由存在精神问题的患者引起。他认为,现实中的漏报问题可能导致研究结果出现偏差。
 
根据他的研究,心理健康和心理有问题的患者引起的暴力事件各占一半。事实上,漏报是影响研究结果的主要问题,它反映医务人员面临的医疗暴力仅是冰山一角。据一项研究指出,仅有30%的护士和26%的医生主诉在工作场所遭遇医疗暴力。  

Gillespie博士指出,医务人员应对医疗暴力零容忍,如果我们假设所有的病人或探视者都有暴力倾向,我们就会有防御措施,这对我们来说相对更安全。 

无意识的医疗暴力会导致漏报事件的出现。把所有的医疗暴力统统记录下来有助于帮助医务人员有意识地对有暴力倾向的患者采取防御措施,进而避免第二次医疗暴力的发生。

Gillespie博士指出,有意识和无意识医疗暴力事件的区别在于结果,例如对于意识不清或低血糖的患者发生的暴力事件则为无意识,但是你依然要采取一些预防措施,做好应急预案。

尽管有些研究针对采取何种预防措施应对医疗暴力才是最有效,但是Phillips博士指出,不能一刀切,每一个医院、办公室、护理设施都是独一无二的,而且每一个医院都需要采取多通道多学科的应急预案来确定适合本院和本人的应急预案。医疗机构和医务人员应摆脱被动心态,积极主动地面对医疗暴力,对医疗暴力零容忍。
 
医务人员可采取防暴培训来自卫,医院安装围栏、摄像头、金属探测器、雇佣保安、设置医疗暴力委员会、增加工作人员等措施保护医务人员,工作场所禁止携带枪支,但是执法的保安人员可用。针对医疗暴力进行立法,积极保护医务人员的人身安全,重要的是后续事件的处理,医院需要有专门的部门机构进行跟进,让医务人员敢于说真话而不担心会被报复。 

Gillespie博士指出,对管理者而言,不能因为医务人员遭遇的是低级的医疗暴力如轻伤、每日威胁、人身攻击、恐吓暴力等就不重视,医疗暴力无小事,对医务人员要多加安抚,因为他们永远不知道明天和意外哪个先到来。当一个员工报告医疗暴力时,负责人应该首先问“你还好吗”而不是“你做什么了”或“发生了什么事”,这使医务人员更加有安全感。 

小编有话说:

以上是美国的医疗暴力情况,小编在这两日也遭受了人生中第一例医疗暴力:没有受伤,但是差点没命。患者居然是医院领导安排的熟人,一直在科室充当“大爷”角色。事情发生后,科室领导首先关注的不是我,而是这位心功能不好安了支架的“大爷”,生怕我把他气的一命呜呼,连续做了5、6次心电图又抽了血确认没事才放心,小编表示心很累,而且事情发生了就发生了,病人依然在科室当大爷,指名道姓要护士长和教授发言,别人没有发言权,我依旧上班,事情好像没有发生过一样。

医务人员的身心安全得不到保障,什么时候医疗暴力零容忍真正能实现?

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2046067, encodeId=7fb5204606e96, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1c2e35011ca' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医疗暴力#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35011, encryptionId=1c2e35011ca, topicName=医疗暴力)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=373a131, createdName=jxrzshh, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 12:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=109320, encodeId=f91e10932057, content=好文,值得学习,赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Fri Sep 02 08:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=83233, encodeId=9af483233c5, content=谁来保护我, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=200, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160414/IMG570FBE7A07E895161.jpg, createdBy=681a1704705, createdName=田田7760, createdTime=Thu Apr 28 23:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=83234, encodeId=900b8323461, content=谁来保护我, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=187, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160414/IMG570FBE7A07E895161.jpg, createdBy=681a1704705, createdName=田田7760, createdTime=Thu Apr 28 23:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=83235, encodeId=8e2983235df, content=谁来保护我, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160414/IMG570FBE7A07E895161.jpg, createdBy=681a1704705, createdName=田田7760, createdTime=Thu Apr 28 23:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=83228, encodeId=24138322840, content=感觉像是奢侈品, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e4371683642, createdName=文医生, createdTime=Thu Apr 28 22:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-02 ylzr123

    好文,值得学习,赞!

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    2016-04-28 田田7760

    谁来保护我

    0

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    2016-04-28 田田7760

    谁来保护我

    0

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    2016-04-28 田田7760

    谁来保护我

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2046067, encodeId=7fb5204606e96, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1c2e35011ca' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医疗暴力#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35011, encryptionId=1c2e35011ca, topicName=医疗暴力)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=373a131, createdName=jxrzshh, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 12:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=109320, encodeId=f91e10932057, content=好文,值得学习,赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Fri Sep 02 08:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=83233, encodeId=9af483233c5, content=谁来保护我, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=200, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160414/IMG570FBE7A07E895161.jpg, createdBy=681a1704705, createdName=田田7760, createdTime=Thu Apr 28 23:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=83234, encodeId=900b8323461, content=谁来保护我, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=187, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160414/IMG570FBE7A07E895161.jpg, createdBy=681a1704705, createdName=田田7760, createdTime=Thu Apr 28 23:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=83235, encodeId=8e2983235df, content=谁来保护我, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160414/IMG570FBE7A07E895161.jpg, createdBy=681a1704705, createdName=田田7760, createdTime=Thu Apr 28 23:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=83228, encodeId=24138322840, content=感觉像是奢侈品, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e4371683642, createdName=文医生, createdTime=Thu Apr 28 22:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-28 文医生

    感觉像是奢侈品

    0

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