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MMWP:美疾控中心不再推荐口服头孢菌素治疗淋病

2012-08-16 丁香园 丁香园

据8月10日《发病率与死亡率周报》刊登的美国疾病控制与预防中心(美疾控中心)(CDC)最新指南称,美疾控中心(CDC)不再推荐口服头孢菌素类药物用于治疗淋球菌感染。新的推荐药对美疾控中心(CDC)2010版性传播疾病治疗指南进行了更新。来自佐治亚亚特兰大埃默里大学罗林斯公共卫生学院的医学博士Carlos del Rio及同事写道:“淋球菌(奈瑟氏菌属)感染是引发盆腔炎、异位妊娠、不孕不育及促进HI

据8月10日《发病率与死亡率周报》刊登的美国疾病控制与预防中心(美疾控中心)(CDC)最新指南称,美疾控中心(CDC)不再推荐口服头孢菌素类药物用于治疗淋球菌感染。新的推荐药对美疾控中心(CDC)2010版性传播疾病治疗指南进行了更新。

来自佐治亚亚特兰大埃默里大学罗林斯公共卫生学院的医学博士Carlos del Rio及同事写道:“淋球菌(奈瑟氏菌属)感染是引发盆腔炎、异位妊娠、不孕不育及促进HIV传播的主要原因。在美国,淋病是第二大引人注意的传染性疾病,2011年所报道的病例超过了300000例。由于淋球菌(奈瑟氏菌属)对曾经使用过的抗生素具有耐用性,因而淋病难以彻底治愈。”

据对美疾控中心(CDC)淋球菌菌株监视项目的数据分析称,2006年至2011年间,美国收集到的淋球菌(奈瑟氏菌属)尿道菌株显示对头孢克肟的敏感性下降。

因此,美疾控中心(CDC)推荐用于治疗淋病的更新药物现包括如下几点:

对于泌尿生殖器部位、直肠或咽喉部敏感性淋球菌,最行之有效的治疗手段是联合用药,即肌肉注射头孢曲松钠250mg、口服单剂量阿奇霉素1g,或肌肉注射头孢曲松钠250mg、口服强力霉素100mg,每日两次,7天疗程,两种方法可任选其一。对于淋球菌感染的首先药物,美疾控中心(CDC)不再以任何剂量对头孢克肟进行推荐。

给予头孢克肟,作为替代药物治疗的患者,在对感染部位治疗一周后就应该对治疗效果检测进行重新评估。

在使用推荐的联合治疗法治疗后仍继续感染,亦称为治疗失败。对治疗失败的患者应经行适当的样品培养,并以纸片扩散法、浓度梯度法或琼脂稀释法进行淋球菌(奈瑟氏菌属)抗生素敏感性检测。实验室应该同其他实验室隔离开,以防进一步测试的需要。

在确诊后24小时内,如不能对病情进行控制,就为意味着治疗失败,那么进行治疗的临床医生应向美疾控中心进行报告,并应向传染病专家、性病/艾滋病预防培训中心或疾控中心寻求治疗意见。

对先前治疗失败的患者在再次治疗一周后,也应进行治疗效果检测。

对患泌尿生殖器或直肠性淋病,并对头孢菌素有严重过敏症的患者,应该给予单剂量口服阿奇霉素2g,此外1周后也应进行治疗效果检测。

对于普通的淋病患者,如果不能使用头孢曲松钠,可选择单剂量口服头孢克肟400mg,加上单剂量口服阿奇霉素1g,或单剂量口服头孢克肟400mg,加每日两次,7天一疗程的强力霉素100mg进行替代性治疗,在一周后都需进行治疗效果检测。

只要有可能,为淋病患者治疗的临床医生应该在患者确诊为淋病后的前60天内,立即对其性伴侣样本进行培养,并给予其伴侣治疗。对于不能立即进行诊断和治疗的异性伴侣,可立即对其伴侣进行口服头孢克肟400mg及阿奇霉素1g的治疗,这可由患者、疾病研究专家或通过药房的协助交个其伴侣。

该报道中作者的结论是:“对淋病患者治疗最有效的手段是限制淋病的传播,预防并发症的发生和降低产生耐药性的可能性。然而,还是对头孢菌素产生了耐药性,其中包括头孢曲松钠。现已重新批复资金投资淋病的预防和控制,淋病的治疗迫切需要新的治疗手段。”

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    2020-11-16 lovetcm

    美疾控中心不再推荐口服#头孢菌素#治疗#淋病#

    0

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    2012-08-18 zutt
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    2012-08-18 jj000003
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