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关于强直性脊柱关节炎,X线,CT,核磁有什么不同?

2018-05-31 佚名 强直AS类风湿

强直性脊柱炎的诊断关键在于放射学,所有强直性脊柱炎都有骶髂关节炎,而骶髂关节是强直性脊柱炎疾病最早收到影响的部位,因此怀疑患者是强直性脊柱炎的话,骶髂关节X线片可以看到骶髂关节两侧的斑点硬化,侵蚀,关节间隙变窄,最后骶髂关节融合僵硬。当骶髂关节在平片上的表现不明显时,CT,放射性核扫描,磁共振成像检查对疾病的早期诊断将提供很大的帮助。

强直性脊柱炎的诊断关键在于放射学,所有强直性脊柱炎都有骶髂关节炎,而骶髂关节是强直性脊柱炎疾病最早收到影响的部位,因此怀疑患者是强直性脊柱炎的话,骶髂关节X线片可以看到骶髂关节两侧的斑点硬化,侵蚀,关节间隙变窄,最后骶髂关节融合僵硬。当骶髂关节在平片上的表现不明显时,CT,放射性核扫描,磁共振成像检查对疾病的早期诊断将提供很大的帮助。

X射线

X射线检查是医生用于检查骨骼最常用的一种方法,但它并不是唯一用于诊断强直性脊柱炎的成像技术。还有一些其他成像技术可为风湿病学专家和强直性脊柱炎患者所用,包括CT扫描、MRIs和超声检查。

X射线产生高能光线,可以穿透正常光线无法穿透的物体。X射线发出的光波能够穿透头发和皮肤,但可被骨骼阻挡。当身体的某一部分进行X线扫描时,就产生了身体内部的图像。医学领域中通常用X射线来检测牙齿和骨骼。拍摄这些图像的过程叫做X线成像术。

当一名医生或风湿病学专家怀疑某人患有强直性脊柱炎时,他们通常会对其进行一些血液检测以及脊柱和骶髂关节的X线检查。骶髂关节出现问题是强直性脊柱炎的特征,这意味着,骶髂关节出现的任何症状都预示着某人患有强直性脊柱炎。

强直性脊柱炎的典型症状包括骶髂关节变宽或变薄。当强直性脊柱炎患者的病情已经进展到了某个阶段,骶髂关节可能会显得非常菲薄或者根本就看不见了。

医生还进行脊柱X线检查来帮助他们进行强直性脊柱炎的诊断。强直性脊柱炎出现脊柱问题的标志是小骨刺的形成,即韧带骨赘。

随着强直性脊柱炎的病情不断进展,强直性脊柱炎所致的炎症可继续沿着脊柱向上扩散。医生们将用X线追踪这些征象。脊柱上每块骨骼的关节都会发炎,最终导致两块或更多骨骼融合在一起。

对于那些出现呼吸困难的患者,医生们会对肋骨与脊柱相连接的关节部位进行X线检查。这个部位的关节会融合在一起,严重限制了强直性脊柱炎患者的呼吸和肺活量。通常也会影响姿势。

CT扫描

在某些强直性脊柱炎病例,医生可能会要求患者进行计算机断层扫描,或称CT扫描。CT扫描是进行一系列X光成像,然后把它们放在一起,以便更好地观察身体内部的骨骼和组织结构。CT扫描更为可靠,且图像的分辨率要比X线检查结果高出许多。

在X射线图像无法确定或显示正常的强直性脊柱炎病例,CT扫描可提供一个更为完整的图像。在CT扫描中,某些强直性脊柱炎的体征可能更为明显,如关节侵蚀或发生关节强直的部位。

在强直性脊柱炎进行CT扫描主要用于观察和确定骨骼和关节磨损的部位以及寻找骨折部位。然而,CT扫描的使用对于强直性脊柱炎来说仍存在一定的局限性。这是因为CT扫描需要比X线和磁共振成像(MRIs)更大剂量的辐射,给出的图像也可能不完整。

此外,CT扫描并不适用于检测软组织,所以如果软组织存在任何损伤都有可能被忽视,直至它导致身体发生结构性损伤。

磁共振MRI

磁共振成像(MRIs)MRI是磁共振成像的缩写。磁共振成像是利用磁场和无线电波拍摄人体内部的图像。MRI机器非常敏感,可提供比其他成像方法更好的软组织对比图像。这使它们非常适合拍摄器官或其他软组织图像。

MRI是可用于强直性脊柱炎的一种最敏感的成像技术。MRI的敏感性使得医生能够检测或追踪骨骼或其他软组织的炎症。这是能够发现脊柱和骶髂关节早期症状最简单的一种成像技术,包括那些通过X线检查和CT扫描无法发现的病灶。

另外,超声造影术(US)超声造影术(US)在强直性脊柱炎的诊断中作用有限。风湿病学专家可利用超声造影术(US)来寻找与强直性脊柱炎相关的并发症。

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    2018-07-25 zywlvao
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    2018-06-02 lmm397
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    2018-06-02 piaojinhua
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