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牢记:心梗发作的8个典型症状与4个救命要点

2021-10-28 胸痛中心总部 胸痛中心总部

心梗不可忽视!

近年来,经常能在新闻中得知,那些才华横溢、年轻多金的社会精英们,昨天还有说有笑的,今天就因突发心梗离开了人世。你有没有担心过,经常熬夜加班吃外卖,会不会有一天也被心梗盯上了呢?

01 到底什么是心梗?

心梗,即心肌梗死。我们把心脏比作一个血泵,像抽水机一样日夜不停的工作,将血液输送到人体的各个部位。心脏上的冠状动脉(血管)就像抽水机上的供电电线,给心脏这个泵供血的。一旦冠状动脉发生闭塞,就像电线出现问题,使得血泵不能正常工作。

心脏停止工作后,整个人都不好了,因为没有了血压,血液也不流动了,不能给机体带来新鲜的氧气,身体的细胞开始死亡,这就是为什么心梗的人在那一刻会出现濒死感。

02 心梗发作,易发生猝死,辨清心梗的典型症状是关键!

1.患者左胸口突然出现压迫性、紧缩性的疼痛,持续时间较长,可达数小时甚至更长,多发生在清晨。

2.部分患者不会出现疼痛,一开始就表现为休克或急性心力衰竭。

3.部分患者上腹部会出现疼痛,常被误认为是胃穿孔、急性胰腺炎等急性胃肠道疾病。

4.有的患者还会波及到上颌、颈部、背部上方,常常误认为是骨关节痛而没有引起重视,耽误了治疗。

5.出现其它症状,如恶心、呕吐、腹胀、心悸等。当胸痛发生24小时以上还可出现低热,体温38℃左右。

6.出现面色苍白、皮肤湿冷、烦躁不安、尿少、脉细而快等休克表现。

7.突发的呼吸困难、咳嗽、咯粉红色或白色泡沫样痰。

8.心脏有停跳或间歇,可伴头晕、乏力、晕厥。

03 心梗不再是老年人的专利,以下都是心梗的高发人群

1. “三高人群

运动少、暴饮暴食、吃的太油腻,是我们现代人的通病,从而造成高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、肥胖等人群的增多,而这些疾病恰恰又是心梗的加速器,这几项基本决定心梗出现早晚的问题。

2. 吸烟人群

吸烟的不良后果大家都非常清楚,不光会使血管变硬,还会诱发肺癌。由于长期吸烟造成了动脉的硬化,导致血管闭塞,临床有很多案例显示,一些心梗的患者正是在吸烟时发作的。

3. 经常加班的人群

中青年人群中,心梗高发于一些脑力劳动者,工作狂并不是什么好事情。有的人工作起来几天都不好好休息一下,这种没有规律、过于劳累的生活,非常容易导致冠状动脉痉挛,从而诱发心梗。

4. 压力过大的人群

生活节奏快,工作压力大,堆积在一起,往往会使人感到精神紧张,这个时候,身体会分泌大量肾上腺素,导致血管收缩,心跳加快,引起心梗的发作。

04 一旦发生心梗,该怎么办?救命的一定要记住!

1. 如果是身边的人心梗发作应立即呼救并拨打120,可以在急救医生的电话指导下对病人展开救治。如果是自己发病,独自在家,应立即拨打120,可以先开好门,以便医护人员进屋救治。

2. 不要过于惊慌,应尽量镇静下来,惊慌反而会使症状变得更严重。解开衣领,平躺或坐下休息,减少活动。如果是身边的人发生心梗,千万别乱搬动患者,你的一个好心也许会使患者病情更加严重。

3. 患者若出现呼吸困难,此时应缓慢做深呼吸,如果口中有异物或者假牙,应取出,保持呼吸道通畅。

4. 心梗发作,服用硝酸甘油要慎重,如果患者血压偏低,或脉搏跳动微弱、头晕、大汗等,不建议盲目服用硝酸甘油。真正的心梗是死亡率很高的疾病,不是家中那些药物或者其它什么奇葩扎手指放血法能够缓解的。一旦出现相关症状,应按上述办法进行救治或自救,才是最保险的!

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    学习

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