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JNCI:美国国家癌症年度报告:癌症死亡率持续下降,常见癌症5年存活率从50%上升到66%

2017-04-11 奇点糕 奇点网

3月31日,美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)、北美中央癌症登记协会(NAACCR)、美国癌症协会(ACS)和国家癌症研究所(NCI)联合在《Journal of the National Cancer Institute》杂志上发表了一份“美国国家癌症年度报告”(《Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975–2014, Fea

3月31日,美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)、北美中央癌症登记协会(NAACCR)、美国癌症协会(ACS)和国家癌症研究所(NCI)联合在《Journal of the National Cancer Institute》杂志上发表了一份“美国国家癌症年度报告”(《Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975–2014, Featuring Survival》)。报告显示,美国癌症死亡率呈现持续下降趋势,大多数癌症的死亡率均有所下降。

报告收集了1975-2014年间的临床资料,作者指出,癌症死亡率的下降反映出预防工作方面的改善,包括对烟草贸易的控制,以及癌症的早期筛查,尤其是结直肠癌乳腺癌和子宫颈癌。除了预防,死亡率的降低当然还要依靠不断完善的各种癌症疗法的帮助。



男性的癌症发病率逐年降低,1999年-2008年以0.6%的比例降低,2008年-2013年以2.3%的比例降低;女性的癌症发病率在1999年-2013年没有发生明显的变化

报告显示,从2010年到2014年,男性每年的整体癌症死亡率下降了1.8%,在16种最常见的男性易患的癌症中,有11种死亡率下降。女性的死亡率相对男性下降的比例较低,为1.4%,其中18种最常见的癌症中有13种呈下降趋势。



男性的癌症死亡率在2000年-2014年,每年以1.8%的的比例下降;女性以1.4%的比例下降

除了成人,儿童每年的癌症死亡率同样有一定的下降,约为1.6%。报告中特别指出,肝癌在男性和女性中都呈上升趋势。除此之外,男性群体的胰腺癌和脑癌,女性子宫内膜癌的死亡率也有所升高。



1975年-1977年和2006年-2012年两个时间段,常见儿童肿瘤的5年存活率比较

据统计,在2009年到2013年,男性每年的癌症总体发病率下降了2.3%,但是报告同时指出,发病率可能会受到检测方法的影响。例如,新的前列腺癌的病例较同期减少,导致总发病率降低,这是由于前列腺特异性抗原检测应用的减少引起的。而在女性群体中,新发乳腺癌的比例有极小幅度的上升,这就可能使得女性的总体癌症发病率出现上升。

研究人员比较了1975-1977年和2006-2012年两个时间段中癌症患者的五年存活率,发现最常见癌症的5年存活率从50%上升到66%。乳腺癌患者的生存率从75%上升到91%,而肺癌的存活率从12%增加到19%,前列腺癌的存活率从68%增加到99%,结肠癌的存活率从50%增加到66%,膀胱癌的存活率从72%到79%。



1975年-1977年和2006年-2012年两个时间段,常见癌症类型的总体5年存活率比较,从表中可见,肺癌、食管癌、胰腺癌、肝癌这几种癌症虽然生存率有所提高,但仍然是“老大难”

不同种族和族裔群体的五年生存率差异依然存在。到2012年,白人所有癌症的总体五年生存率为67%,而非西班牙裔黑人患者为60%。与非西班牙裔白人患者相比,非西班牙裔黑人患者死亡风险高出33%,非西班牙裔美洲人/阿拉斯加本地人的死亡风险高出51%。

研究团队认为,按照现在精准医学和免疫治疗的发展速度,癌症的存活率(尤其是晚期癌症)还会进一步提升。但是现在面临的最大挑战,还是如何让更多的患者受惠于这些新疗法。

原始出处:

Jemal A, Ward E M, Johnson C J, et al. Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975–2014, Featuring Survival[J]. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2017, 109(9).

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    2017-04-13 lemon985

    突破

    0

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    2017-04-11 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习。

    0

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