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OCC 2014:经食管超声心动图全程护航左心耳封堵术

2014-06-05 复旦大学附属中山医院 潘翠珍 舒先红 等 OCC2014每日新闻

房颤是临床常见的疾病,缺血性卒中是其常见的重要并发症,预防卒中是房颤治疗的主要目标之一,但由于房颤患者的不断增加和抗凝疗法禁忌症的增多,新技术经导管左心耳封堵术已经成为介入心脏病学的新领域,而经食管超声心动图(TEE)在经导管左心耳封堵术前筛选、术中监测和引导及术后评价方面起着很重要的作用。 TEE 术前评价 (1)多切面探查以确定左房、左心耳内无血栓存在。(2)评价左心耳的大小、形态、耳垂的

房颤是临床常见的疾病,缺血性卒中是其常见的重要并发症,预防卒中是房颤治疗的主要目标之一,但由于房颤患者的不断增加和抗凝疗法禁忌症的增多,新技术经导管左心耳封堵术已经成为介入心脏病学的新领域,而经食管超声心动图(TEE)在经导管左心耳封堵术前筛选、术中监测和引导及术后评价方面起着很重要的作用。

TEE 术前评价

(1)多切面探查以确定左房、左心耳内无血栓存在。(2)评价左心耳的大小、形态、耳垂的数目及距左心耳口的位置。(3)测量在0°、45°、90°、135°左心耳口的大小及左心耳的深度,根据上述测值,选取最大的左心耳口的大小以及最小的左心耳的深度,然后选择合适的封堵器。(4)多切面探查了解心脏外周心包积液的情况,以便与术中及术后的对照。

TEE 术中监测和引导

引导房间隔的穿刺以及导管鞘的交换:在30°~60°食管中段大血管短轴切面以及90°~110°食管中段上下腔静脉切面引导穿刺鞘于房间隔中下偏后成功穿过房间隔;然后在45°~55°食管中段大血管短轴切面清晰显示左上肺静脉及左心耳并引导超硬导丝至左上肺静脉,退出房间隔穿刺鞘,将导丝留置在左上肺静脉内。送入11F 专用输送鞘管至左上肺静脉口,后经输送鞘管内送入6F 猪尾巴导管到左上肺静脉, 撤出超硬导丝, 将输送鞘管及猪尾巴导管送入左心耳,沿着猪尾巴导管手推对比剂造影显示左心耳的形状,测量左心耳入口的口径及深度,根据术前TEE 测值及造影测值结果选择合适的封堵器。

监测封堵器的植入、位置、牢固性、密闭性:在0 °、45 °、90°、135° TEE 多切面的引导及监测下,将输送鞘管及猪尾巴导管送入左心耳的远端,撤出猪尾巴导管。沿着输送鞘管送入装载Watchman封堵器的输送系统,推进系统使封堵器到达左心耳处,在TEE 及X 线透视的引导及监测下,慢慢地打开封堵器,TEE 在0°、45°、90°、135°测量封堵器的大小,并且与原始封堵器的大小比较,压迫程度在8%~20% 之间符合封堵器释放标准之一,同时TEE 多切面观察封堵器在左心耳的位置合适、牢固并且无残余分流,符合上述要求,释放封堵器;如果不符合上述要求,可以调整封堵器位置或收回封堵器。最后TEE再次观察心脏外周心包积液的情况,确认无心包积液后,撤出食管超声探头,封堵成功。

TEE 术后随访

(1)TEE 多切面探查心腔内有否血栓。(2) 在0 °、45 °、90°、135° TEE 应用彩色血流显像观察封堵器周边有否细束残余分流,同时观察各瓣膜形态、反流、以及左右室节段收缩功能。


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    2015-04-07 ycmayy
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    2014-06-07 zhaojie88
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    2014-06-07 zhouqu_8
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    2014-06-07 jxrzshh

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