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JAMA Pediatr:儿童等渗和低渗静脉注射之比较

2015-03-12 赵洲译 MedSci原创

在住院治疗的儿童中,低钠血症逐渐被视为是发病率和死亡率的原因。低渗静脉注射维持液体的规定概括了对液体和电解质要求。低渗静脉注射维持液体总体上维持了护理的标准。但是,人们逐渐意识到许多住院治疗的儿童分泌更多的抗利尿激素。此时低渗注射维持液体会导致医源性低钠血症。 研究人员进行了双盲随机试验以比较等渗(0.9%氯化钠和5%葡萄糖)和低渗(0.45%氯化钠和5%葡萄糖)对住院治疗的儿童的影响。共有11

在住院治疗的儿童中,低钠血症逐渐被视为是发病率和死亡率的原因。低渗静脉注射维持液体的规定概括了对液体和电解质要求。低渗静脉注射维持液体总体上维持了护理的标准。但是,人们逐渐意识到许多住院治疗的儿童分泌更多的抗利尿激素。此时低渗注射维持液体会导致医源性低钠血症。

研究人员进行了双盲随机试验以比较等渗(0.9%氯化钠和5%葡萄糖)和低渗(0.45%氯化钠和5%葡萄糖)对住院治疗的儿童的影响。共有110名儿童(年龄在1个月到18岁之间)参与此次随机试验。110名儿童随机接受等渗或者低渗注射维持液体48小时。试验的主要观测指标是48小时的平均血浆钠等级。次要指标是24小时的平均血钠等级、低钠血症和高钠血症、体重增加、高血压和水肿。110人中,54人接受等渗输液(0.9%氯化钠),56人接受低渗输液(0.45%氯化钠)。混杂变量被列入多元回归模型中。并没有因为此次试验而出现明显的不良反应。两组中各有一人因为呼吸困难而被转移至重症监护室,但这与静脉注射无关。

通过分析主要监测结果,研究人员并没有发现两种注射在临床上有着显著的差异。但在24小时的时候,低渗注射组出现了两例低钠血症。这一结果证明了等渗注射维持液体在儿童患者中是安全的。

原始出处:

Friedman JN, Beck CE, DeGroot J, Geary DF, Sklansky DJ, Freedman SB. Comparison of Isotonic and Hypotonic Intravenous Maintenance Fluids: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. Published online March 09, 2015.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1637055, encodeId=af33163e0550f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afda591646' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5916, encryptionId=afda591646, topicName=DIA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=987022654425, createdName=ms9608593228839890, createdTime=Wed Aug 19 19:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1697242, encodeId=1a46169e24227, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Fri Oct 23 11:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725777, encodeId=e2671e2577781, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Wed Jul 22 21:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18288, encodeId=d68f182883c, content=一般不都用等渗液体吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5dd21607321, createdName=daniustone, createdTime=Sat Mar 14 11:03:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1492449, encodeId=18b31492449d6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=685199141a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉注射#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99141, encryptionId=685199141a6, topicName=静脉注射)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77e28942453, createdName=millore, createdTime=Sat Mar 14 02:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18230, encodeId=7536182306d, content=最基本的输液还没有结论,可见临床上问题太多了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=drhqh240, createdTime=Fri Mar 13 10:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18159, encodeId=6c1618159fc, content=何时要用低渗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=116.226.177.**, createdTime=Thu Mar 12 16:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-23 fusion
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1637055, encodeId=af33163e0550f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afda591646' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5916, encryptionId=afda591646, topicName=DIA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=987022654425, createdName=ms9608593228839890, createdTime=Wed Aug 19 19:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1697242, encodeId=1a46169e24227, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Fri Oct 23 11:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725777, encodeId=e2671e2577781, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Wed Jul 22 21:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18288, encodeId=d68f182883c, content=一般不都用等渗液体吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5dd21607321, createdName=daniustone, createdTime=Sat Mar 14 11:03:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1492449, encodeId=18b31492449d6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=685199141a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉注射#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99141, encryptionId=685199141a6, topicName=静脉注射)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77e28942453, createdName=millore, createdTime=Sat Mar 14 02:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18230, encodeId=7536182306d, content=最基本的输液还没有结论,可见临床上问题太多了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=drhqh240, createdTime=Fri Mar 13 10:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18159, encodeId=6c1618159fc, content=何时要用低渗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=116.226.177.**, createdTime=Thu Mar 12 16:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-07-22 feather89
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    2015-03-14 daniustone

    一般不都用等渗液体吗

    0

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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1637055, encodeId=af33163e0550f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afda591646' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5916, encryptionId=afda591646, topicName=DIA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=987022654425, createdName=ms9608593228839890, createdTime=Wed Aug 19 19:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1697242, encodeId=1a46169e24227, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Fri Oct 23 11:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725777, encodeId=e2671e2577781, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Wed Jul 22 21:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18288, encodeId=d68f182883c, content=一般不都用等渗液体吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5dd21607321, createdName=daniustone, createdTime=Sat Mar 14 11:03:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1492449, encodeId=18b31492449d6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=685199141a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉注射#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99141, encryptionId=685199141a6, topicName=静脉注射)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77e28942453, createdName=millore, createdTime=Sat Mar 14 02:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18230, encodeId=7536182306d, content=最基本的输液还没有结论,可见临床上问题太多了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=drhqh240, createdTime=Fri Mar 13 10:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18159, encodeId=6c1618159fc, content=何时要用低渗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=116.226.177.**, createdTime=Thu Mar 12 16:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-03-13 drhqh240

    最基本的输液还没有结论,可见临床上问题太多了

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1637055, encodeId=af33163e0550f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afda591646' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5916, encryptionId=afda591646, topicName=DIA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=987022654425, createdName=ms9608593228839890, createdTime=Wed Aug 19 19:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1697242, encodeId=1a46169e24227, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Fri Oct 23 11:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725777, encodeId=e2671e2577781, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Wed Jul 22 21:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18288, encodeId=d68f182883c, content=一般不都用等渗液体吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5dd21607321, createdName=daniustone, createdTime=Sat Mar 14 11:03:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1492449, encodeId=18b31492449d6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=685199141a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉注射#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99141, encryptionId=685199141a6, topicName=静脉注射)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77e28942453, createdName=millore, createdTime=Sat Mar 14 02:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18230, encodeId=7536182306d, content=最基本的输液还没有结论,可见临床上问题太多了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=drhqh240, createdTime=Fri Mar 13 10:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18159, encodeId=6c1618159fc, content=何时要用低渗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=116.226.177.**, createdTime=Thu Mar 12 16:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-03-12 116.226.177.**

    何时要用低渗?

    0

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