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2014年阿片类药物致死人数大爆发及应对策略

2015-12-22 QQduhq译 MedSci原创

2014年死于药物滥用的民众比有数据记录的任何一年都要多,据CDC今年发布的最新数据显示,因阿片类药物使用过量导致的民众死亡占主要原因。2014年,阿片类药物使用过量导致民众死亡的人数(包括死于阿片类止痛药和海洛因的患者人数)达到历史新高,较往年增加了14%。

 
阿片类止痛药(天然和半合成阿片类药物)使用过量为民众药物使用过量致死的最常见原因,2014年较往年增加了9%,海洛因使用过量致死的民众人数增加26%,合成阿片类药物(包括合成型的芬太尼和除美沙酮之外的合成阿片类止痛药)使用过量的死亡民众人数增加了80%。

CDC认为,2014年,几乎每一种阿片类药物过量导致的民众死亡人数都严重增多。CDC认为,阿片类止痛药和海洛因处方开具增多为主因。

在2014年,共有47055名民众因药物过量导致死亡,较去年增加了6.5%,死亡率由2013年的13.8/10万人升至2014年的14.7/10万人。 阿片类药物过量死亡的民众人数大幅上涨,从2013年的7.9/10万人升至9.0/10万人,增长了14%。其中28647人的死亡与阿片类药物使用过量有关,占61%;自2000年以来至今,使用阿片类药物过量的发生率翻番。无论性别、种族、年龄,死于过量使用阿片类药物的人数都增加,其中死亡率最高的西弗吉尼亚州、新墨西哥、新罕布什尔州、肯塔基州和俄亥俄州。

CDC解释道,两种背道而驰但又相互关联的因素导致药物滥用呈现流行趋势:15年来阿片类药物持续滥用和误用;吸食海洛因的民众人数日益增多。2014年,这两大问题呈现加剧和恶化趋势,因此导致使用阿片类药物过量导致死亡的民众人数增多。

2014年,在服用阿片类药物(包括阿片类止痛药和海洛因)过量的民众中,死亡率超3/5,其中所占比例最高的为死于合成阿片类药物(不包括美沙酮)的患者,达5500人,几乎为2013年的2倍,涨幅为26%。

研究人员认为,医生开具阿片类药物处方增多、民众对阿片类药物的依赖性增强、阿片类药物较低廉且容易购买、海洛因纯度高等原因在其中发挥了不可忽略的影响。

Tom Frieden博士认为这为广大民众敲响了警钟,因为它会为美国家庭带来毁灭性的打击。为了遏制阿片类药物滥用的流行趋势,挽救更多的患者,采取行动刻不容缓。相关部门必须加大惩治力度,严格查处海洛因等非法药物。

CDC建议可从4个方面预防:

1.医务人员限制开具阿片类药物处方;
2.对阿片类药物滥用患者采取治疗;
3.通过增加纳洛酮的使用以治疗阿片类药物使用障碍患者;
4.对阿片类使用障碍的患者,可采用包括药物辅助治疗等在内的多样化治疗方案。

研究人员希望,政府、公共卫生机构和执法机构等共同努力,共同采取措施,以避免阿片类药物过量使用爆发现象的出现。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=60056, encodeId=422a60056a3, content=无能为力, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5KwlM29ic8TDJMJOiarryMIZZhTjXxyRT9lffSWpWWcWojnL7ibJwcOn99ayict8FJ9ICYmNh9swD6R4E/0, createdBy=196f1683049, createdName=收获你的美, createdTime=Tue Jan 26 21:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48064, encodeId=05a3480644c, content=规范, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 14:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47932, encodeId=635e4e9323c, content=看如何使用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 11:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47827, encodeId=2d9f4e827c9, content=祸害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151022/IMG5628D6F14DBD16799.jpg, createdBy=ed8e1658452, createdName=靶细胞, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 00:07:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252995, encodeId=87f312529956b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13159e8871d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿片类药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97887, encryptionId=13159e8871d, topicName=阿片类药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c83329, createdName=10518093zz, createdTime=Thu Dec 24 11:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1309007, encodeId=6e8b130900eb8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a0179e879ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿片类#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97879, encryptionId=a0179e879ac, topicName=阿片类)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e12358, createdName=lhlxtx, createdTime=Thu Dec 24 11:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1992244, encodeId=ef181992244f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7e5a492636a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#应对策略#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49263, encryptionId=7e5a492636a, topicName=应对策略)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=70fe497, createdName=paperyu, createdTime=Mon May 16 06:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-26 收获你的美

    无能为力

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=60056, encodeId=422a60056a3, content=无能为力, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5KwlM29ic8TDJMJOiarryMIZZhTjXxyRT9lffSWpWWcWojnL7ibJwcOn99ayict8FJ9ICYmNh9swD6R4E/0, createdBy=196f1683049, createdName=收获你的美, createdTime=Tue Jan 26 21:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48064, encodeId=05a3480644c, content=规范, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 14:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47932, encodeId=635e4e9323c, content=看如何使用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 11:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47827, encodeId=2d9f4e827c9, content=祸害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151022/IMG5628D6F14DBD16799.jpg, createdBy=ed8e1658452, createdName=靶细胞, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 00:07:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252995, encodeId=87f312529956b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13159e8871d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿片类药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97887, encryptionId=13159e8871d, topicName=阿片类药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c83329, createdName=10518093zz, createdTime=Thu Dec 24 11:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1309007, encodeId=6e8b130900eb8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a0179e879ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿片类#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97879, encryptionId=a0179e879ac, topicName=阿片类)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e12358, createdName=lhlxtx, createdTime=Thu Dec 24 11:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1992244, encodeId=ef181992244f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7e5a492636a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#应对策略#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49263, encryptionId=7e5a492636a, topicName=应对策略)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=70fe497, createdName=paperyu, createdTime=Mon May 16 06:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-26 忠诚向上

    规范

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=60056, encodeId=422a60056a3, content=无能为力, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5KwlM29ic8TDJMJOiarryMIZZhTjXxyRT9lffSWpWWcWojnL7ibJwcOn99ayict8FJ9ICYmNh9swD6R4E/0, createdBy=196f1683049, createdName=收获你的美, createdTime=Tue Jan 26 21:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48064, encodeId=05a3480644c, content=规范, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 14:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47932, encodeId=635e4e9323c, content=看如何使用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 11:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47827, encodeId=2d9f4e827c9, content=祸害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151022/IMG5628D6F14DBD16799.jpg, createdBy=ed8e1658452, createdName=靶细胞, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 00:07:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252995, encodeId=87f312529956b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13159e8871d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿片类药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97887, encryptionId=13159e8871d, topicName=阿片类药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c83329, createdName=10518093zz, createdTime=Thu Dec 24 11:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1309007, encodeId=6e8b130900eb8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a0179e879ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿片类#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97879, encryptionId=a0179e879ac, topicName=阿片类)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e12358, createdName=lhlxtx, createdTime=Thu Dec 24 11:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1992244, encodeId=ef181992244f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7e5a492636a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#应对策略#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49263, encryptionId=7e5a492636a, topicName=应对策略)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=70fe497, createdName=paperyu, createdTime=Mon May 16 06:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-26 hixiaoluo

    看如何使用

    0

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    2015-12-26 靶细胞

    祸害

    0

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    2015-12-24 lhlxtx
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