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Lancet: 重视助产因素,关注妇女婴儿生命

2014-06-27 马宏伟 审译 医学论坛网

引语: 专家呼吁全球领导人认识到助产的“重要潜能”,以此在全世界范围内挽救妇女与婴儿的生命          据柳叶刀近期发表的一系列重要研究,助产因素在数以百万计女性及婴儿孕期及围孕期间死亡中扮演了拯救生命的重要角色。       &nbs

引语: 专家呼吁全球领导人认识到助产的“重要潜能”,以此在全世界范围内挽救妇女与婴儿的生命



        
柳叶刀近期发表的一系列重要研究,助产因素在数以百万计女性及婴儿孕期及围孕期间死亡中扮演了拯救生命的重要角色。
        
该系列研究由学者、临床医生、专业助产士、政策制定者和妇女儿童权益倡导者组成的国际小组完成,是有史以来最关键的广泛覆盖的助产检查。该研究表明,当对所有妇女及其婴儿进行有效且高质量的助产时,方可实现大规模的积极效应。除挽救生命外,同时提高了持久的健康、幸福以及其它的长远获益。
        
作者也为高收入和低收入国家中的孕期过度医疗倾向、非必要干预的滥用(如剖腹产)、以及伴随风险和花费等提供了证据。
        
每年,据认为有将近30万女性在孕期、产期及其后不久死亡, 约260万女性经历死产,290万新生儿在出生后一个月内死亡。仅仅因为在孕前、孕中或产后未接受到充分的健康护理,数百万女性及其家人遭受长期健康、经济和情感问题。
        
来自该系列文章的最新评估显示,在新生儿和孕产妇死亡率最高的国家中,如果针对所有妇女应用有效的助产,在接下来的15年中可减少四分之三以上的死胎、孕产妇及新生儿死亡。即使对助产服务覆盖范围的改善更保守一点,覆盖面从当前水平仅仅提高四分之一,挽救生命的潜力也是巨大的。据该文作者预测,到2030年,孕产妇死亡率可比当前降低一半。
        
然而,大多数的孕产妇和婴儿死亡发生在低收入和中等收入国家,缺乏有效助产是改善产妇与婴儿健康状况的主要障碍。该系列文章同时指出,不管是在高收入还是低收入国家,孕期过度医疗都越来越多地威胁到孕期女性及其家人的健康和幸福。 该作者认为,常规采取不必要的干预措施(包括剖腹产、限制分娩中的活动及外阴切开术)对产妇及新生儿的健康和幸福会产生持续的不良影响。
        
按照每挽救一名生命的所需费用计算,基于社区助产士教育及配置的投资回报率与疫苗花费相类似。然而,根据作者所述,增加有效助产可能带来的潜在效益尚未得到充分的国际认可。有效助产实践的推广壁垒包括对助产工作缺乏理解、女性的社会地位低下、跨专业竞争及孕产妇及新生儿私营护理的不受管制。
        
然而,重要的是要理解到如下方面:为发挥最大效用,助产士应在在医疗保健服务中发挥作用,助产工作应受到尊重,要与其他卫生保健专业人员相整合;卫生保健和助产服务必须在社区和医疗保健机构间实现有效对接。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827827, encodeId=4ad4182e827df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sun Jan 18 06:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11060, encodeId=721e11060bc, content=历来如此,怎样做的更好。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160403/IMG5700F9EC14BED9452.jpg, createdBy=879d37419, createdName=cjyisheng, createdTime=Mon Aug 11 06:38:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10297, encodeId=0c091029eff, content=很好!助产对降低剖宫产率很重要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/1oeP10R7SWYfgg6QBRpjgiaiaCLyGAnK0VXpibCJzyljhCjico0Gmmf9UUeGfc5ERibMX2PM9xbIOZqMjBjcLhfX4tA/132, createdBy=7340105168, createdName=zhangjunxiao, createdTime=Sun Jul 06 19:33:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10092, encodeId=b9a21009271, content=传播知识,治疗疾病同等重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=113.106.203.173, createdTime=Fri Jun 27 23:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-01-18 howi
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827827, encodeId=4ad4182e827df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sun Jan 18 06:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11060, encodeId=721e11060bc, content=历来如此,怎样做的更好。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160403/IMG5700F9EC14BED9452.jpg, createdBy=879d37419, createdName=cjyisheng, createdTime=Mon Aug 11 06:38:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10297, encodeId=0c091029eff, content=很好!助产对降低剖宫产率很重要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/1oeP10R7SWYfgg6QBRpjgiaiaCLyGAnK0VXpibCJzyljhCjico0Gmmf9UUeGfc5ERibMX2PM9xbIOZqMjBjcLhfX4tA/132, createdBy=7340105168, createdName=zhangjunxiao, createdTime=Sun Jul 06 19:33:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10092, encodeId=b9a21009271, content=传播知识,治疗疾病同等重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=113.106.203.173, createdTime=Fri Jun 27 23:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-08-11 cjyisheng

    历来如此,怎样做的更好。

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827827, encodeId=4ad4182e827df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sun Jan 18 06:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11060, encodeId=721e11060bc, content=历来如此,怎样做的更好。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160403/IMG5700F9EC14BED9452.jpg, createdBy=879d37419, createdName=cjyisheng, createdTime=Mon Aug 11 06:38:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10297, encodeId=0c091029eff, content=很好!助产对降低剖宫产率很重要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/1oeP10R7SWYfgg6QBRpjgiaiaCLyGAnK0VXpibCJzyljhCjico0Gmmf9UUeGfc5ERibMX2PM9xbIOZqMjBjcLhfX4tA/132, createdBy=7340105168, createdName=zhangjunxiao, createdTime=Sun Jul 06 19:33:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10092, encodeId=b9a21009271, content=传播知识,治疗疾病同等重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=113.106.203.173, createdTime=Fri Jun 27 23:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-07-06 zhangjunxiao

    很好!助产对降低剖宫产率很重要。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827827, encodeId=4ad4182e827df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sun Jan 18 06:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=11060, encodeId=721e11060bc, content=历来如此,怎样做的更好。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160403/IMG5700F9EC14BED9452.jpg, createdBy=879d37419, createdName=cjyisheng, createdTime=Mon Aug 11 06:38:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10297, encodeId=0c091029eff, content=很好!助产对降低剖宫产率很重要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/1oeP10R7SWYfgg6QBRpjgiaiaCLyGAnK0VXpibCJzyljhCjico0Gmmf9UUeGfc5ERibMX2PM9xbIOZqMjBjcLhfX4tA/132, createdBy=7340105168, createdName=zhangjunxiao, createdTime=Sun Jul 06 19:33:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10092, encodeId=b9a21009271, content=传播知识,治疗疾病同等重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=113.106.203.173, createdTime=Fri Jun 27 23:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-06-27 113.106.203.173

    传播知识,治疗疾病同等重要

    0

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