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Eur Heart J: 房颤射频消融术后长期使用口服抗凝药有无必要?

2014-11-07 MedSci译 MedSci原创

射频消融术是对症状性房颤药物治疗无效情况下的推荐治疗方法,然而目前仍不能确定射频消融术和房颤相关的血栓栓塞并发症的降低有关联。欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)指南在对于房颤的管理上从2010年就推荐房颤患者在射频消融术后应持续系统性地口服抗凝药(OAC)治疗至少3个月,而是否持久性口服抗凝治疗应基于病人个体的脑卒中危险因素水平来决定(Ⅱa级推荐, C 级证据),显而易见,对于脑卒中高风险患者即使射频消融后

射频消融术是对症状性房颤药物治疗无效情况下的推荐治疗方法,然而目前仍不能确定射频消融术和房颤相关的血栓栓塞并发症的降低有关联。欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)指南在对于房颤的管理上从2010年就推荐房颤患者在射频消融术后应持续系统性地口服抗凝药(OAC)治疗至少3个月,而是否持久性口服抗凝治疗应基于病人个体的脑卒中危险因素水平来决定(Ⅱa级推荐, C 级证据),显而易见,对于脑卒中高风险患者即使射频消融后,口服抗凝药仍不推荐中止使用。

对于大多数的房颤患者来说,口服抗凝药治疗所带来的血栓栓塞风险减少益处胜过其所带来的潜在可衡量的出血风险。然而,消融后口服抗凝药血栓栓塞的风险效益没有充分阐明,有必要进一步评估在心房颤动患者射频消融术后OAC使用的血栓和出血风险,尤其是对于未纳入当前危险分层方案的患者。

RFA治疗后3个月口服抗凝药,而超过3个月后是否可以停用口服抗凝药治疗仍然富有争议。人们对长期OAC带来严重出血的风险程度仍然所知甚少。提高对消融后OAC治疗的风险和效益的的认识,将有助于制定基于证据的OAC治疗战略,减少血栓栓塞事件和严重出血。



图1  经首次射频消融术后不同CHA2DS2-VASc评分下持续使用OAC的患者比例

丹麦的研究者在全国范围内对2000年至2011年期间4050名房颤射频消融后OAC患者进行调查并队列随访了5年,来评估口服抗凝药使用的长期时间内的出血和血栓发生的风险。

研究中血栓栓塞及严重出血是根据每100人年发生率来统计并同时采用Cox比例风险模型进行分析。患者人群平均年龄为59.5岁(四分位距,IQR:52.8-65.2岁),26.5%是女性。平均随访3.4年(IQR:2.0-5.6年),71例(1.8%)发生了血栓病例,其中采用和没采用OAC血栓栓塞发生率分别为0.56(95%CI :0.40-0.78)和0.64(95%CI :0.46-0.89)。多变量分析显示停用口服抗凝药停药影响是微不足道的,危险比1.42(95%CI :0.86-2.35)。射频消融后超过3个月后 87例(2.1%)患者发生严重出血,采用和没采用OAC出血发病率分别为0.99(95%:0.77-1.27),CI分别为0.44(95%CI :0.29-0.65)。OAC和严重出血风险显著关联,危险比2.05(95%CI :1.25-3.35)关联。

图2 口服抗凝药后血栓栓塞(A)和严重出血(B)的累积发生率(分别经CHA2DS2-VASc和HAS-BLED评分校正后)

在年龄和性别匹配的房颤治疗队列, 15 848名患者未采用消融治疗而采用控制心律疗法,采用和没采用OAC血栓栓塞发生率分别为1.34(95%CI :1.21-1.49),和2.14(95%CI :1.98-2.30 )。调整后的发病率之比为0.53(95%CI :0.43-0.65),亦支持射频消融组比控制心律组有更低的血栓发生。

研究者在最后得出一个谨慎的结论:和非消融治疗相比,3个月后射频消融治疗人群有相对较低的血栓风险,而OAC所致的严重出血风险比抗凝药本身带来的血栓降低更为值得重视,3个月后持续抗凝药带来的益处可能不敌其所带来的风险。进一步随机实验应该检验这一结论。

原文出处:


Karasoy D1, Gislason GH2, Hansen J3, Johannessen A3, Køber L4, Hvidtfeldt M3, Ozcan C3, Torp-Pedersen C5, Hansen ML3.Oral anticoagulation therapy after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation and the risk of thromboembolism and serious bleeding: long-term follow-up in nationwide cohort of Denmark.Eur Heart J. 2014 Nov 3. pii: ehu421. [Epub ahead of print]


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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1694705, encodeId=46421694e056a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=471d4682409' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#射频消融术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46824, encryptionId=471d4682409, topicName=射频消融术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=febc29728754, createdName=zhmscau, createdTime=Mon Sep 14 22:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2010123, encodeId=6dbb2010123b5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ea49698234' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#长期使用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96982, encryptionId=3ea49698234, topicName=长期使用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=365d170, createdName=chenwq08, createdTime=Tue Jan 06 06:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1279908, encodeId=446512e99082c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0b0546822fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#射频消融#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46822, encryptionId=0b0546822fd, topicName=射频消融)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dc7a157, createdName=jinweidong, createdTime=Sun Nov 09 00:40:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1355932, encodeId=3890135593209, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Sun Nov 09 00:40:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1377355, encodeId=85ef13e735504, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3098382134a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#口服抗凝药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38213, encryptionId=3098382134a, topicName=口服抗凝药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49ef408, createdName=hunizi005, createdTime=Sun Nov 09 00:40:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1421607, encodeId=e613142160e77, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4bc865819d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消融#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65819, encryptionId=4bc865819d2, topicName=消融)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a193676008, createdName=xiangyuzhou972, createdTime=Sun Nov 09 00:40:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1560235, encodeId=a07e15602355f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9fd65826da' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消融术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65826, encryptionId=a9fd65826da, topicName=消融术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1c4415117207, createdName=dingxiaobo, createdTime=Sun Nov 09 00:40:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1562271, encodeId=40d415622e1c0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f69d864413' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HEART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8644, encryptionId=f69d864413, topicName=HEART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=爆笑小医, createdTime=Sun Nov 09 00:40:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1566244, encodeId=8095156624430, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9fd65826da' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消融术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65826, encryptionId=a9fd65826da, topicName=消融术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1c4415117207, createdName=dingxiaobo, createdTime=Sun Nov 09 00:40:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-11-09 zhaojie88
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1694705, encodeId=46421694e056a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=471d4682409' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#射频消融术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46824, encryptionId=471d4682409, topicName=射频消融术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=febc29728754, createdName=zhmscau, createdTime=Mon Sep 14 22:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2010123, encodeId=6dbb2010123b5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ea49698234' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#长期使用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96982, encryptionId=3ea49698234, topicName=长期使用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=365d170, createdName=chenwq08, createdTime=Tue Jan 06 06:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1279908, encodeId=446512e99082c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0b0546822fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#射频消融#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46822, encryptionId=0b0546822fd, topicName=射频消融)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dc7a157, createdName=jinweidong, createdTime=Sun Nov 09 00:40:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1355932, encodeId=3890135593209, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Sun Nov 09 00:40:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1377355, encodeId=85ef13e735504, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3098382134a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#口服抗凝药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38213, encryptionId=3098382134a, topicName=口服抗凝药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49ef408, createdName=hunizi005, createdTime=Sun Nov 09 00:40:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1421607, encodeId=e613142160e77, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4bc865819d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消融#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65819, encryptionId=4bc865819d2, topicName=消融)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a193676008, createdName=xiangyuzhou972, createdTime=Sun Nov 09 00:40:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1560235, encodeId=a07e15602355f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9fd65826da' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消融术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65826, encryptionId=a9fd65826da, topicName=消融术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1c4415117207, createdName=dingxiaobo, createdTime=Sun Nov 09 00:40:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1562271, encodeId=40d415622e1c0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f69d864413' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HEART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8644, encryptionId=f69d864413, topicName=HEART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=爆笑小医, createdTime=Sun Nov 09 00:40:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1566244, encodeId=8095156624430, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9fd65826da' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消融术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65826, encryptionId=a9fd65826da, topicName=消融术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1c4415117207, createdName=dingxiaobo, createdTime=Sun Nov 09 00:40:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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