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JAND:想长寿么?常外出就餐增加五成死亡风险!

2021-04-14 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

经常吃在外就餐增加全因死亡风险。想长寿么?多在家吃饭吧!

全球来看,在外就餐或吃外卖的现象变得越来越普遍,并对个人饮食和家庭食品支出做出了巨大贡献。例如,在2012年,英国个人每天摄入的能量约有10%来自于在家以外消费的食物,另外4%来自于在家吃的外卖食物。2009年至2012年,在家吃外卖食品的支出实际增长了11%。同期,外出就餐的支出增加了7%,占家庭食品和非酒精饮料总支出的四分之一以上(26%)。

大家都有这样一个普遍的认识,即在外就餐的食物往往不如在家准备的食物健康,特别是在能量和脂肪含量方面。这很可能解释了为什么许多研究发现,在外就餐的频率与总膳食的营养质量和体重之间存在密切关联。

众所周知,餐馆准备的食物能量较高,脂肪和钠含量高,但保护性营养素含量较低。有证据表明,经常在餐馆用餐的人患脂肪症、II型糖尿病和心脏病的风险较高。

2018年一项前瞻性研究则发现,每周在外就餐的频率和9年后的预期死亡风险不相关,但在外就餐参与者全谷物、水果、膳食纤维、叶酸、维生素C、钾和镁的24 h膳食摄入量较低,而能量、能量密度和来自脂肪的能量较高,最终发生代谢性疾病的风险增加。

然而,关于外出就餐与长期健康结果之间关系的证据仍然有限。为此,来自美国爱荷华大学的研究人员对外出就餐的频率与全因和特因死亡率的关系进行了全面的研究,结果发表在《营养与营养学学会杂志》(Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics)上。

该研究纳入了1999-2014年国家健康与营养检查调查中的35084名20岁以上的成年人,他们在面对面的家庭访谈中以问卷形式报告了自己的饮食习惯,包括外出备餐的频率。通过链接到死亡记录,确定截至2015年12月31日的全因死亡率、血管死亡率和癌症死亡率。

结果显示,在291475人·年的跟踪调查中,发生了2781例死亡,其中包括511例死于心血管疾病和638例死于癌症。使用多变量Cox比例危险模型用于估计调整后的全因、心血管和癌症死亡率的危险比。

在对年龄、性别、种族/民族、社会经济地位、饮食和生活方式因素以及体重指数进行调整后,与那些很少吃外出准备的饭菜(<1餐/周)的参与者相比,经常吃外出准备的饭菜(每天≥2餐)的参与者的全因死亡风险升高近一半(49%, OR=1. 49, 95% CI 1.05~2.13),而心血管死亡及癌症死亡风险分别增加18%与67% (OR=1.18, 95% CI 0.55~2.55; OR=1.67,95% CI 0.87~3.21)。

综上,经常吃在外就餐增加全因死亡风险。想长寿么?多在家吃饭吧!

 

参考文献:

Association Between Frequency of Eating Away-From-Home Meals and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2021.01.012

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    2021-04-22 科研科研科研

    外出就餐增加死亡风险

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    2021-04-15 科研科研科研

    原来外出就餐增加死亡风险

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    2021-04-15 你合成

    自己做饭吃,省钱活命

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    2021-04-14 ms4000000545202675

    自己做

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