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世卫组织通过抗微生物药物耐药性决议

2015-05-27 张淼 施建国 新华网

第68届世界卫生大会25日通过应对抗微生物药物耐药性决议,敦促世界卫生组织各成员重视抗微生物药物面临的耐药性问题并采取行动。    世卫组织称,出现在全世界各地的抗微生物药物耐药性(包括抗生素耐药性)是最为紧迫的抗药趋势,它削弱了治疗传染性疾病的能力和其他许多卫生与医药方面的进展。    这项名为“抗微生物药物耐药性全球行动计划”的决议设

第68届世界卫生大会25日通过应对抗微生物药物耐药性决议,敦促世界卫生组织各成员重视抗微生物药物面临的耐药性问题并采取行动。
    
世卫组织称,出现在全世界各地的抗微生物药物耐药性(包括抗生素耐药性)是最为紧迫的抗药趋势,它削弱了治疗传染性疾病的能力和其他许多卫生与医药方面的进展。
    
这项名为“抗微生物药物耐药性全球行动计划”的决议设定5项目标,具体包括提高意识、加强监测与研发、减少传染病发生率、优化使用抗微生物药物以及保障可持续性投资。
    
决议敦促世卫组织各成员采取行动,根据各自情况调整优先应对事项,调动额外资源促进决议落实。
    
世卫各成员也承诺在2017年5月落实国家层面的抗微生物药物耐药性计划,这不仅包括人体抗微生物药物的使用,也将涵盖动物与农业用药。
    
抗生素耐药性专指引起感染的普通细菌对抗生素的耐药性。抗微生物药物耐药性则含义更为广泛,包括其他致病微生物如寄生虫(如疟原虫)、病毒(如艾滋病病毒)及真菌(如念珠菌)等对相应药物的耐药性。
    
当日,世界卫生大会还通过了扩大可负担的疫苗覆盖与应对营养不良等两项决议。
    
第68届世界卫生大会18日至26日在日内瓦万国宫召开,来自世卫组织194个成员的3000余名代表重点讨论西非埃博拉疫情、2015年后可持续发展目标等议题。

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    2015-05-31 huaxipanxing

    看看

    0

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    2015-05-27 jxsrdw

    应该更规范

    0

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    2015-05-27 jxsrdw

    lCU更突出

    0

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数万亿的微生物栖息在人类的机体中,这些微生物群体被称之为微生物组,据估计这些微生物群体重2-6磅,其总体重是平均大脑体重的2倍,大部分的微生物生活在机体肠道中,其可以帮助机体消化食物,合成维生素以及抵御感染;但截止到现在研究者对微生物组的研究显示,微生物群体对机体的影响远远超过了肠道,其还会对人类大脑产生影响。 在过去10年里,有研究就表明肠道微生物组合一系列复杂的行为直接相关,比如情绪、情感、

Nature:风险!微生物组可能泄露个人隐私

源自人类粪便的细菌DNA可作为“肠道纹”(gut print)来识别个人身份。通过寄居某人体内的微生物DNA可识别出此人的身份。研究人员发现,通过寄居人体的微生物集成DNA,能够特异性地识别出个人的身份,这就产生了个人隐私问题。这项发现刊登于5月11日的《美国国家科学院期刊》(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)上。文章指出,

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在全球范围内,抑郁症是导致患者社会功能损害的主要因素,因此进一步探索抑郁症的预防及治疗的新方法具有重要意义。最近大量研究发现,菌群-肠道-大脑轴与情感、行为密切相关,同时,研究还发现,不健康的饮食是抑郁症发生的一个重要危险因素。很多研究发现肠道菌群在抑郁症发生中起着非常重要的作用,是调节饮食和抑郁的桥梁。Curr Opin Psychiatry杂志近日有学者系统回顾了肠道菌群与抑郁及饮食摄入之间的

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众所周知,我们的肠道内部寄生着大量的微生物群,这些微生物中有相当一部分对人体是有益的。比如细菌分泌的维生素以及短链脂肪酸能够促进肠道免疫系统的发育。同时,宿主也进化出一些手段来避免不正常的肠道炎症反应。比如肠道上皮覆盖的粘膜层以及抗菌肽能够有效阻止微生物与宿主细胞的过分接触。目前的一些研究发现化学物质诱导的小鼠肠炎症状在肠道微生物缺失的情况下会得到缓解。进一步的研究发现特定的微生物种群能够促进肠道

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在最近一期的 Current Opinion in Biotechnology,英国科学家Rainer Breitling和 Eriko Takano综述了近期合成生物学领域的最新进展。 在这篇综述中,他们回顾了合成生物学的发展。合成生物学的逐渐成熟,让科学家和工业界能够基于微生物系统合成药物分子和其他高附加值的化合物。从前些年仅仅存留于概念,即如何进行大规模的基因改造和化学分子合成路径设计

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