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Hypertension:黄烷醇可改善老年认知功能(CoCoA研究)

2012-08-28 中国医学论坛报 中国医学论坛报

8月14日,在线发表于《高血压》杂志(Hypertension)的意大利一项研究显示,有规律地通过膳食补充可可黄烷醇可能会提高老年轻度认知障碍患者的认知功能,且这种作用可能部分受胰岛素敏感性提高影响。 纳入研究的90例患有轻度认知功能障碍的老年患者被随机分为3组,分别通过饮食补充高含量(≈990 mg)、中等含量(≈520 mg)和低含量(≈45 mg)的黄烷醇饮品,每天一次,共8周。随访发现,

8月14日,在线发表于《高血压》杂志(Hypertension)的意大利一项研究显示,有规律地通过膳食补充可可黄烷醇可能会提高老年轻度认知障碍患者的认知功能,且这种作用可能部分受胰岛素敏感性提高影响。

纳入研究的90例患有轻度认知功能障碍的老年患者被随机分为3组,分别通过饮食补充高含量(≈990 mg)、中等含量(≈520 mg)和低含量(≈45 mg)的黄烷醇饮品,每天一次,共8周。随访发现,3组患者简易精神状态量表结果相似。高含量组和中等含量组患者完成连线试验A和B时间显著短于低含量组,且高含量组患者语言流畅性测验结果显著优于低含量组。此外,高含量和中等含量组患者胰岛素抵抗、血压升高及脂质过氧化等得以显著改善。

专家点评

复旦大学附属华东医院临床营养中心孙建琴教授:黄烷醇类化合物是一种天然抗氧化剂,具有清除体内自由基、减少组织细胞氧化损伤的作用。其主要来源有茶、葡萄、红酒、苹果、含可可的食品(包括巧克力)等。

该研究是第一个通过膳食补充黄烷醇的途径来研究其对老年认知功能障碍作用的研究,试验结果显示,可可黄烷醇对改善轻度认知障碍高龄患者的认知功能、血压及胰岛素抵抗、降低脂质过氧化反应存在积极作用,且存在一定量效关系。最近也有其他研究显示,可可黄烷醇可增加大脑血流量、改善血管功能、降低血压、降低血液中低密度脂蛋白水平及改善认知功能。

该研究样本数量较大,时间较长,是一设计良好的随机平行对照临床研究,为通过膳食补充可可黄烷醇改善轻度认知障碍高龄患者的认知功能提供了最新循证证据。但由于该试验选择的受试者都是不肥胖、近来不吸烟、处于良好健康状态(除轻度认知障碍以外)、未患心血管疾病的老年人,在人群选择上存在一定偏倚,使其结果缺乏代表性,难以推广到所有认知障碍老年患者。

由于黄烷醇具有清除自由基、增加大脑血流量、改善血管功能、降低血压、改善认知功能等作用,可能对改善老年人的抑郁、焦虑,甚至老年痴呆具有一定临床应用前景。目前研究不多,尚须更多大样本的临床研究来支持其临床应用。

小知识:黄烷醇

    黄烷醇(Flavanols)是一种天然植物化合物,是一种类黄酮,存在于苹果、葡萄、红葡萄酒、可可、茶和蔬菜中,而可可中的黄烷醇含量最高。

  存在于植物性食物中有益于健康的类黄酮物质是促进人们心脏健康的原因,黄烷醇是类黄酮物质的一个亚类,它在苹果、葡萄、红葡萄酒、茶、某些可可粉和巧克力中的含量十分丰富。其中,黑巧克力的黄烷醇含量高于普通巧克力。 但哈佛大学医学院放射医学教授和黄烷醇专家诺姆·霍伦伯格指出,实际上,如今的巧克力黄烷醇含量都很低。黄烷醇会使巧克力和可可吃上去发苦,因此巧克力制造商曾花费数年时间想方设法去掉这种苦味。

  经现代医学研究发现:黄烷醇可以通过维持人的血管健康保持正常的血压;黄烷醇可以通过降低血液中血小板的黏附性来维持健康的血流;黄烷醇还可以作为抗氧化剂维持心脏健康。

  英国研究人员发现黄烷醇能帮助提高大脑计算能力。充足证据可以证明,普通剂量黄烷醇可以防止功能退化,“吃富含黄烷醇的蔬菜和水果数量越多,对大脑越有益”。营养科学研究表明,吃含黄烷醇的黑巧克力有利于预防心血管疾病,并能有效降低血压。

  然而,黑巧克力中可可黄烷醇含量的多寡,与可可豆加工工艺中的一些关健因素密切相关,包括发酵、烘烤等等。简单的增加黑巧克力中的可可成份,并不表示可以提高黄烷醇的含量。

英文摘要:

doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112
PMC:

PMID:22892813

Benefits in Cognitive Function, Blood Pressure, and Insulin Resistance Through Cocoa Flavanol Consumption in Elderly Subjects With Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Cocoa, Cognition, and Aging (CoCoA) Study.

Desideri G, Kwik-Uribe C, Grassi D, Necozione S, Ghiadoni L, Mastroiacovo D, Raffaele A, Ferri L, Bocale R, Lechiara MC, Marini C, Ferri C.

Abstract

Flavanol consumption is favorably associated with cognitive function. We tested the hypothesis that dietary flavanols might improve cognitive function in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. We conducted a double-blind, parallel arm study in 90 elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment randomized to consume once daily for 8 weeks a drink containing ≈990 mg (high flavanols), ≈520 mg (intermediate flavanols), or ≈45 mg (low flavanols) of cocoa flavanols per day. Cognitive function was assessed by Mini Mental State Examination, Trail Making Test A and B, and verbal fluency test. At the end of the follow-up period, Mini Mental State Examination was similar in the 3 treatment groups (P=0.13). The time required to complete Trail Making Test A and Trail Making Test B was significantly (P<0.05) lower in subjects assigned to high flavanols (38.10±10.94 and 104.10±28.73 seconds, respectively) and intermediate flavanols (40.20±11.35 and 115.97±28.35 seconds, respectively) in comparison with those assigned to low flavanols (52.60±17.97 and 139.23±43.02 seconds, respectively). Similarly, verbal fluency test score was significantly (P<0.05) better in subjects assigned to high flavanols in comparison with those assigned to low flavanols (27.50±6.75 versus 22.30±8.09 words per 60 seconds). Insulin resistance, blood pressure, and lipid peroxidation also decreased among subjects in the high-flavanol and intermediate-flavanol groups. Changes of insulin resistance explained ≈40% of composite z score variability through the study period (partial r(2)=0.4013; P<0.0001). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dietary intervention study demonstrating that the regular consumption of cocoa flavanols might be effective in improving cognitive function in elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment. This effect appears mediated in part by an improvement in insulin sensitivity.

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    2013-03-30 circumcision
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    2013-02-16 feather89
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1699538, encodeId=528a1699538bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=15a24951c2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#COA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4951, encryptionId=15a24951c2, topicName=COA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=224929955832, createdName=circumcision, createdTime=Sat Mar 30 15:39:00 CST 2013, time=2013-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725447, encodeId=495b1e25447fd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Sat Feb 16 10:39:00 CST 2013, time=2013-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2038443, encodeId=bb54203844320, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b45d1e274e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TENS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17274, encryptionId=b45d1e274e8, topicName=TENS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3b172500206, createdName=12498ebem19暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Jul 03 01:39:00 CST 2013, time=2013-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1456576, encodeId=9d5814565e63f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cfe31031e08e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黄烷醇#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103170, encryptionId=cfe31031e08e, topicName=黄烷醇)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b1975767739, createdName=yangeasy, createdTime=Thu Aug 30 01:39:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1501000, encodeId=9511150100094, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2db9238f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Hypertension#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9238, encryptionId=f2db9238f9, topicName=Hypertension)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=11ff9497046, createdName=jambiya, createdTime=Thu Aug 30 01:39:00 CST 2012, time=2012-08-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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