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医药分开:一条双赢之路

2017-04-25 韩天琪 中国科学报

4月8日,《北京市医药分开综合改革实施方案》(以下简称《方案》)正式实施。《方案》实施近两周来,总体继续保持平稳有序,符合改革预期。有数据显示,从4月8日零时起至4月17日24时,累积节约药品费用约1.5亿元,节省幅度达8.5%;三级医院总门急诊量为260.5万人次,与去年同期相比减少15.1%;二级医院总门急诊量为73.8万人次,与去年同期相比减少6.1%;一级医院及社区服务中心门急诊量为2

4月8日,《北京市医药分开综合改革实施方案》(以下简称《方案》)正式实施。《方案》实施近两周来,总体继续保持平稳有序,符合改革预期。有数据显示,从4月8日零时起至4月17日24时,累积节约药品费用约1.5亿元,节省幅度达8.5%;三级医院总门急诊量为260.5万人次,与去年同期相比减少15.1%;二级医院总门急诊量为73.8万人次,与去年同期相比减少6.1%;一级医院及社区服务中心门急诊量为23万人次,与去年同期相比增加4.6%。该变化符合构建分级诊疗制度和改革设计要求。

《方案》实施对医患双方各有什么意义?对推进医改又起到哪些作用?记者就此采访了相关专家。

改革的三个重点

据中关村医院口腔科主任刘振华介绍,此次医药分开的实施,可用“三取消一增设”概括。即:取消药品加成(不含中药饮片)、挂号费、诊疗费,设立医事服务费。新设医事服务费目的是体现医务人员技术劳务价值,推动分级诊疗

“此次医药分开实施的一个焦点是医事服务费的设立。按照我的理解,医事服务费体现但不仅仅体现了医务人员的技术劳务价值,患者从进入医院到离开医院的整个就医过程都可以算作医事服务的内容。”刘振华解释。

借此机会,中关村医院管理层对医院医务人员提出了新的要求。刘振华介绍到,“总体来说是从就医环境到额外服务等等方面给患者更好的就医感受。比如考虑到很多来院就诊的患者工作日需要上班,我们口腔科特别开设了下午4点半到晚上8点半的延时门诊,方便上班上学的职工和学生前来就医。”

除此之外,《方案》规范基本医疗服务项目,实施有升有降的调整。这次调整了435项,有升有降,总体平衡。降的是CT、核磁等大型检查设备项目价格,升的是中医、护理、手术等体现医务人员技术劳务价值的项目价格。其目的是提升医疗服务质量,引导医疗资源合理配置。实施药品阳光采购。纳入阳光采购的药品在政府搭建的网上平台采购,大多数常用药品价格动态联动全国省级药品集中采购最低价,做到同品种同厂家的药品在保证质量不变的同时价格处于较低水平。

“对患者来说,CT、核磁共振等大型设备的检查费用降下来了,做辅助检查的负担就少了。药物加成降低了大概20%。对于糖尿病高血压、心脏病等需要长期服药的慢性病患者是有益的。”刘振华接着说。

而对医务人员来说,由于435项技术性价格的调整,单纯依靠医生的技术从事的医疗项目价格可能有部分上升。这体现了对医务人员的尊重,能更充分地调动科研人员的积极性。在刘振华看来,之前在医事服务方面执行的收费标准是很久以前的,除去耗材和人力成本,有些医疗服务的价格处于亏损状态,但医院由于其公益性又必须开设这些项目,这次的调整在这些方面也是有帮助的。

医药改革的有力措施

据医疗保险管理人士李立(化名)介绍,从深化医药卫生体制改革角度来说,医药分开是一个发展方向,是重点工作,也是难点工作。“首先世界各国医药都是分开的,其次我国由于原来在计划经济体制下,医生的服务、药品的生产和流通都是高度的监管,到了市场经济时期,不同的主体有不同的诉求,由于原来医药没分开,国家对医疗服务实行了较为严格的价格监管,但药品价格又基本处于市场环境,这样导致的结果是医疗服务价格的扭曲。”李立说。

由于药品总费用=价格×数量,国家管住了药品的单价,但医院可以通过多开药来获得利益。“以前医药没分开的时候,医疗服务价格的扭曲必然带来医疗服务行为的扭曲。比如说,医生的技术价值是10元钱,如果挂号费是10元钱,那么价格是符合价值的,而实际上挂号费是1元钱。在医药没分开的时候,医生为了挣这9元钱,要开将近80元的药才能有9元钱的利润,而患者也许只需要30元钱的药,这样就浪费了50元钱的药。也就是说为了体现这9元钱的价值,可能会浪费参保人员和医保基金50元钱,这样就扭曲了医疗行为。”李立举例说。

在李立看来,医生应当成为医改的主力军。“如果说医改没有调动医生的积极性参与到其中,很难想象医改会获得成功。现在通过医事服务费的改革,体现了医生的技术价值,这是一个符合客观事实的举措。”

让医院的价值归医院

药品的利益归药品

中国中医科学院养生保健研究中心执行主任黄明达表示,医药分开是一个让医院的价值归医院,药品的利益归药品的各归其位的好政策。“一方面可以减少患者的医疗费用,减少过度治疗和以药养医。”不过黄明达也表示,患者能不能从中受益还要进一步看。“医疗改革不仅仅要体现在价格上,还要体现在治疗方案和医疗服务的收费方案上,这些都需要再观察一段时间。”

刘振华也表示,医改总的宗旨是提高患者就医满意度,提高医务人员技术劳务的价值。希望通过医改,使医患双方都受益。

医药分开政策已经实施两周,很多地方还需要医院去适应和调整。政策本身也还有完善的空间,比如此次技术性价格调整并没有对所有科室全覆盖。有些科室涉及的多一些,有些科室涉及的少一些,而有些科室这次技术性价格调整没有涉及。

“我个人感觉,整个医院是在往好的方面去努力。相信此次医药分开政策的实施是个好的开头,以后会慢慢完善。”刘振华说。

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    2017-04-27 cathymary
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    2017-04-26 daiyaozu

    学习了,不错

    0

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    2017-04-26 龙倩倩

    太理想

    0

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    2017-04-26 半夏微凉

    需要一个过程

    0

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    2017-04-26 刘煜

    阅读了谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-04-25 lyh994

    现在药价更贵了,大型检查机器不堪重负,频频故障

    0

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