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JAMA:ICU患者限制静脉注射液中氯化物可降低AKI发生率

2012-10-22 薛夏沫 中国医学论坛报

  澳大利亚、马来西亚联合进行的研究显示,对重症监护病房(ICU)患者限制静脉输注液中的氯化物浓度,可显著降低其急性肾损伤(AKI)发生率和肾脏替代治疗(RRT)使用率。论文发表于10月17日出版的《美国医学会杂志》[JAMA 2012,308(15):1566]。   该研究分为对照期(2008年2月18日-8月17日,n=760)、洗脱期和干预期(2009年同期,n=773)。对照

  澳大利亚、马来西亚联合进行的研究显示,对重症监护病房(ICU)患者限制静脉输注液中的氯化物浓度,可显著降低其急性肾损伤(AKI)发生率和肾脏替代治疗(RRT)使用率。论文发表于10月17日出版的《美国医学会杂志》[JAMA 2012,308(15):1566]。

  该研究分为对照期(2008年2月18日-8月17日,n=760)、洗脱期和干预期(2009年同期,n=773)。对照期时,患者接受标准静脉注射液;经6个月的洗脱期后,除非在医生批准的特殊情况下,在干预期时限制使用任何富含氯化物的静脉注射液(0.9%生理盐水、4%琥珀酰明胶、或4%白蛋白溶液),患者换之接受乳酸盐晶体溶液、平衡缓冲溶液和20%的白蛋白溶液。

  结果为,与对照期相比,干预期氯化物的使用减少了144504 mmol;患者平均血清肌酐水平增幅显著减少(22.6 μmol/L对14.8 μmol/L,P=0.03);AKI发病率显著降低(14%对8.4%,P<0.001);RRT使用率也显著降低(10%对6.3%,P=0.005)。但患者住院死亡率(15%对13%,P=0.44)、住院时间(11天对11天,P=0.57)或住ICU时间(42.9小时对42.8小时,P=0.52)没有减少,出院后RRT使用率亦无差异(12%对15%P=0.95)。

  ■同期述评

  减少静脉注射液中氯化物浓度可护肾?

  哈佛大学医学院 瓦伊卡(Waikar) 斯坦福大学医学院 温克尔迈尔(Winkelmayer)

  从1830年代静脉液体初用至今,供医生选择的注射液种类越来越多,如何合理选用也成为大家关注的问题。有研究显示,注射液中氯化物水平较高或可引起患者出现代谢性酸中毒、肾脏血管收缩、肾小球滤过率下降或全身性炎症增加等。

  以上研究结果虽然显示使用氯化物浓度低的注射液可改善患者肾功能,但对其死亡率却几乎没有影响。如果上述结果被证实有因果关系,则多数情况下很难判断生理盐水(氯化物浓度比血浆中高40%)应如何在容量复苏中使用。

  另外,要判干预期使用的溶液中是哪种成分改善患者肾功能很困难,因除氯化物外,溶液中其他成分浓度也有所变化。

  还有一个重要问题是,该试验的前、后期设计可引起霍索恩效应(Hawthorne)(编者注:由于临床研究参与者改变了自身行为,从而对治疗效果产生影响)或观察偏见,或可影响研究者对终点的判定。

  总之,鉴于静脉液体在围术期、ICU及非ICU治疗中的重要作用,使用正确与否影响到其效果的发挥,其应与药物一样,给予科学和规范的审查和管理。



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    2012-11-08 fusion
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1826207, encodeId=7067182620e5c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e5283e89970' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发生率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37899, encryptionId=e5283e89970, topicName=发生率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=一叶知秋, createdTime=Tue Jan 29 18:37:00 CST 2013, time=2013-01-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1697148, encodeId=4163169e14828, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Thu Nov 08 09:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1341084, encodeId=684a13410849d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b97e223562' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AKI#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2235, encryptionId=b97e223562, topicName=AKI)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f7482500171, createdName=ms4468361851264128, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 06:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1492446, encodeId=bf57149244654, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=685199141a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉注射#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99141, encryptionId=685199141a6, topicName=静脉注射)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77e28942453, createdName=millore, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 06:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1517667, encodeId=387e151e66706, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a8416408096' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#氯化物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64080, encryptionId=a8416408096, topicName=氯化物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c0011104054, createdName=ms1260584454294838, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 06:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1586507, encodeId=ace8158650e08, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f87c6499085' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#注射液#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64990, encryptionId=f87c6499085, topicName=注射液)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c93417353045, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 06:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1595334, encodeId=8360159533445, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=44b993e977' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ICU患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9379, encryptionId=44b993e977, topicName=ICU患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=003c18235152, createdName=piaojinhua, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 06:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1826207, encodeId=7067182620e5c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e5283e89970' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发生率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37899, encryptionId=e5283e89970, topicName=发生率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=一叶知秋, createdTime=Tue Jan 29 18:37:00 CST 2013, time=2013-01-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1697148, encodeId=4163169e14828, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Thu Nov 08 09:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1341084, encodeId=684a13410849d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b97e223562' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AKI#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2235, encryptionId=b97e223562, topicName=AKI)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f7482500171, createdName=ms4468361851264128, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 06:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1492446, encodeId=bf57149244654, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=685199141a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉注射#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99141, encryptionId=685199141a6, topicName=静脉注射)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77e28942453, createdName=millore, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 06:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1517667, encodeId=387e151e66706, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a8416408096' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#氯化物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64080, encryptionId=a8416408096, topicName=氯化物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c0011104054, createdName=ms1260584454294838, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 06:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1586507, encodeId=ace8158650e08, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f87c6499085' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#注射液#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64990, encryptionId=f87c6499085, topicName=注射液)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c93417353045, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 06:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1595334, encodeId=8360159533445, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=44b993e977' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ICU患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9379, encryptionId=44b993e977, topicName=ICU患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=003c18235152, createdName=piaojinhua, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 06:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1826207, encodeId=7067182620e5c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e5283e89970' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发生率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37899, encryptionId=e5283e89970, topicName=发生率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=一叶知秋, createdTime=Tue Jan 29 18:37:00 CST 2013, time=2013-01-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1697148, encodeId=4163169e14828, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Thu Nov 08 09:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1341084, encodeId=684a13410849d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b97e223562' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AKI#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2235, encryptionId=b97e223562, topicName=AKI)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f7482500171, createdName=ms4468361851264128, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 06:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1492446, encodeId=bf57149244654, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=685199141a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉注射#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99141, encryptionId=685199141a6, topicName=静脉注射)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77e28942453, createdName=millore, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 06:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1517667, encodeId=387e151e66706, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a8416408096' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#氯化物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64080, encryptionId=a8416408096, topicName=氯化物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c0011104054, createdName=ms1260584454294838, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 06:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1586507, encodeId=ace8158650e08, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f87c6499085' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#注射液#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64990, encryptionId=f87c6499085, topicName=注射液)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c93417353045, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 06:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1595334, encodeId=8360159533445, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=44b993e977' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ICU患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9379, encryptionId=44b993e977, topicName=ICU患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=003c18235152, createdName=piaojinhua, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 06:37:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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