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美国是如何抢救急性心梗患者的?

2016-08-30 丹萌 医学界急诊与重症频道

救助一个急性心梗的患者需要一个团队流水线式的配合, 遗憾的是,很多时候,院前急救人员和医院里的急诊科医生沟通有些脱节。最近,一个美国心脏协会实施的示范项目让 16 个地区的医院和院前急救人员“化敌为友”,共同协作,共同探讨如何以最快的速度救治心脏病患者。这一项目从 2012 年 7 月开始实施,直到 2013 年 12 月,它尤其针对那些急性心肌梗塞的病患,共涉及 1253 名院前急救人员、484

救助一个急性心梗的患者需要一个团队流水线式的配合, 遗憾的是,很多时候,院前急救人员和医院里的急诊科医生沟通有些脱节。


最近,一个美国心脏协会实施的示范项目让 16 个地区的医院和院前急救人员“化敌为友”,共同协作,共同探讨如何以最快的速度救治心脏病患者。


这一项目从 2012 年 7 月开始实施,直到 2013 年 12 月,它尤其针对那些急性心肌梗塞的病患,共涉及 1253 名院前急救人员、484 家医院、以及 16 个地区的 24000 名病患。


在改善急救送医的流程后,有 55% 由救护车送去的患者在 90 分钟内完成了动脉疏通,而在项目实施前,这一数字最大只达到过 50%。


对于那些转送其他医院的,48% 的患者在 120 分钟内得到救治,在此之前这个数字是 44%。


有 10 座城市这两个数字中的一个或两个在项目实施后,增长超过 10%。


缩短的响应时间还能提高生存率,对院内死亡率却没有影响。


得到这样的结果,这个项目到底想出了哪些方法?


James Jollis,北卡罗来纳州立大学健康中心的心脏病学专家指出,缩短响应时间的关键,是各个地方应当想出自己的办法。


“很明显,这件事要从国家层面上去规划是很难的。” James 说,“响应时间要短,应该让每个地区根据不同特点想对策,让每个人都向前一步,与同伴紧密工作在一起。”


在俄亥俄州中部,大约有十几家医院选择了下面这种做法:他们共同制定了标准用药方案,让一些辅助医护人员有权利给患者用药,并绕过急诊部门,把突发心脏病的患者直接送至心导管室。


在纽约,医院与消防部门合作,一些心外科或心内科医生可以在医院里实时获得病人的心电图结果,快速做出判断,制定治疗方案。在心梗已经十分确定的时候,他们也会绕过急诊的再次诊断,直接送去抢救。


相关人员表示,现在大约有 80% 的患者都是直接被送进心导管室的。




这种模式与现在在美国部分地方施行的“移动卒中单元”有些相似,卒中单元是针对卒中病人的一套完整管理体系,移动卒中单元的核心便是医务人员的“移动”,使得中风患者在抵达医院前就可以完成神经科医生的远程咨询、血压测量、CT扫描和 tPA 治疗等流程。


而这个新项目则是让急性心梗患者在尚未抵达医院时,展开抢救。


不过也有美国医生指出,考虑到心肌梗塞的处理对医务人员的专业性有很高的要求,医院里的监测比较完备,对病人来说或许反而更安全;另外,对急救人员增加这部分培训,培养和治疗成本也会相应上升。


这种做法究竟该不该全国推广,对病人的预后到底有多大好处,仍然是一个值得继续争论的话题。


原始出处:


https://www.statnews.com/2016/08/01/heart-attack-hospital-rivalries/

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2049457, encodeId=c0d8204945eab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c2e5106290' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心梗患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51062, encryptionId=5c2e5106290, topicName=心梗患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6a1280, createdName=zhanglin3079, createdTime=Mon May 15 10:24:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=134781, encodeId=2b26134e8195, content=文章很好值得关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Sep 25 08:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=109910, encodeId=c3851099101b, content=学习学习好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=a37a1710612, createdName=oo902, createdTime=Fri Sep 02 22:33:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1308336, encodeId=49d013083362e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8323522e503' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性心梗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52275, encryptionId=8323522e503, topicName=急性心梗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fa4f352, createdName=chenlianhui, createdTime=Thu Sep 01 14:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1471251, encodeId=a60414e1251e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac13558e9cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抢救#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55879, encryptionId=ac13558e9cb, topicName=抢救)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=be1a7117101, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Thu Sep 01 14:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-25 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章很好值得关注

    0

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    2016-09-02 oo902

    学习学习好好学习

    0

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    2016-09-01 lfyang

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