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2018 ASN:美国肾脏病学会肾病周实时资讯--详析FGF23在肾病及心血管疾病中的“角色”

2018-10-29 MedSci MedSci原创

前言2018年ASN(美国肾脏病学会)肾病周已于美国当地时间10月25日-28日在美国西海岸的海滨城市圣地亚哥举行。会议上,多位讲者对有关磷代谢关键调节因子FGF23与血磷代谢及维生素D代谢的关系作了详细论述,并结合肾病及心血管疾病实例介绍了控制FGF23水平对于慢性疾病长期管理的重要性。那么在这篇报道中,编者将为您呈现FGF23在肾病及心血管疾病中的关键位置。FGF23与维生素D我们知道,F

前言

2018年ASN(美国肾脏病学会)肾病周已于美国当地时间10月25日-28日在美国西海岸的海滨城市圣地亚哥举行。会议上,多位讲者对有关磷代谢关键调节因子FGF23与血磷代谢及维生素D代谢的关系作了详细论述,并结合肾病及血管疾病实例介绍了控制FGF23水平对于慢性疾病长期管理的重要性。那么在这篇报道中,编者将为您呈现FGF23在肾病及血管疾病中的关键位置。



FGF23与钙

我们知道,FGF23是维生素D、磷代谢的关键调节因子,在CKD患者中,FGF23水平均显著升高。先前研究表明,在继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的CKD患者中,PTH水平的升高会加重钙、磷代谢的失调,在不增加钙负荷的前提下,降低iPTH可以降低FGF23水平(图1),那么相似地,血钙浓度的变化是否也会导致FGF23水平的升高呢?降低PTH水平能否介导FGF23水平的降低呢?下边讲者就一一给出了答案。


图1. PTH水平的升高有可能导致了FGF23水平的升高

讲者列举了Wesseling-Perry等完成的研究,该研究指出,在终末期肾病(ESRD)患者中,钙水平的短期变化不会影响健康受试者或透析患者体内FGF23浓度的变化[1](图2)。


图2. 钙水平的短期变化不会引起FGF23浓度的变化

Han等研究发现,碳酸钙治疗显著增加了CKD患者的血清FGF23水平,这表明应定期监测血清FGF23水平,尤其是在CKD早期使用维生素D和碳酸钙组合的患者[2]。综合来看,钙负荷的增加或摄入可能导致FGF23水平的升高。

因此,综合来看,FGF23作用于肾脏,参与钙、磷代谢的调节。肾功能下降导致了磷清除率的下降,导致了FGF23水平及血磷水平的上升,进而导致了血钙及维生素D的降低(图3)。


图3. FGF23、血磷、维生素D、血钙及PTH之间的关系

FGF23与Klotho在肾病及心血管疾病中的作用

Klotho是FGF受体的协同受体,可与FGF19、FGF20、FGF23等成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)结合,介导下游通路的激活。研究表明,Klotho的异常与CKD、心脏重塑、血管硬化和甲状旁腺功能亢进等疾病相关(图4)。


图4. Klotho的异常与CKD、心脏重塑、血管硬化和甲状旁腺功能亢进等疾病相关

Ming Chang Hu等的研究显示,CKD、膳食磷酸盐负荷与心脏肥大和功能障碍有关。低血浆Klotho和高血浆磷酸盐与病理性心脏重塑显著相关,高FGF23水平也与心肌病的严重程度相关,但仅在低血浆Klotho水平时显示出这种相关性。因此,该研究显示了Klotho缺乏症和高磷酸盐对心脏的病理生理学重要性,这可能与尿毒症心肌病有关[3](图5)。


图5. Klotho缺乏症和高磷酸盐对心脏的病理生理学重要性

特别值得一提的是Gaozhi Chen等近日发表于《Nature》的研究,他们解释了α-klotho与成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFR)结合的机制,提出了1:1:1三元复合物的模型,该模型由α-klotho的细胞外结构域、FGFR1c配体结合结构域和FGF23组成。在该复合物中,α-klotho通过其D3结构域连接FGFR1c,通过其C端尾部同时连接FGF23,从而实现FGF23-FGFR1c的接近并赋予复合物稳定性。稳定的三元复合物的二聚化和受体活化仍然取决于与硫酸乙酰肝素的结合,硫酸乙酰肝素是旁分泌FGF信号传导的关键辅助因子[4](图6)。


图6. α-klotho、FGFR、FGF23三元复合物

总结

目前,FGF23、血磷、维生素D、血钙及PTH之间的作用关系已经逐渐清晰,但是对于klotho协同受体在肾脏疾病中的作用仍有待深入研究,相信随着研究的进行,klotho及klotho与FGF23的作用会成为肾病治疗的新靶点。

参考文献
[1] Wesseling-Perry, Katherine, et al. "Lack of FGF23 response to acute changes in serum calcium and PTH in humans." The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 99.10 (2014): E1951-E1956.
[2] Han, Nayoung, et al. "Effect of additive calcium administration on FGF23 levels in patients with mild chronic kidney disease treated with calcitriol: a randomized, open-labeled clinical trial." Therapeutics and clinical risk management 13 (2017): 999-1007.
[3] Hu, Ming Chang, et al. "Klotho and phosphate are modulators of pathologic uremic cardiac remodeling." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 26.6 (2015): 1290-1302.
[4] Chen, Gaozhi, et al. "α-Klotho is a non-enzymatic molecular scaffold for FGF23 hormone signalling." Nature 553.7689 (2018): 461.

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    2019-07-14 chenhongpeng
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