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从上腹痛患者的心电图 您能看出什么端倪?

2017-04-13 佚名 环球医学

【一般情况】女,73岁,退休,汉族。【主诉】反复上腹痛2年,加重10天。【病史摘要】患者2年前常无明显诱因下出现上腹部疼痛,位于剑突下,呈烧灼样,持续数十分钟,休息后好转,未重视。10天前患者无明显诱因下出现上腹部烧灼样痛,持续1~2小时不等,夜间平躺后明显,发作时伴有心悸、肩部不适、咽喉烧灼感,恶心、欲吐,曾呕吐胃内容物数次,每天发作数次,患者未重视。5小时前患者自觉上述症状加重,休息后无缓解来

【一般情况】

女,73岁,退休,汉族。

【主诉】

反复上腹痛2年,加重10天。

【病史摘要】

患者2年前常无明显诱因下出现上腹部疼痛,位于剑突下,呈烧灼样,持续数十分钟,休息后好转,未重视。10天前患者无明显诱因下出现上腹部烧灼样痛,持续1~2小时不等,夜间平躺后明显,发作时伴有心悸、肩部不适、咽喉烧灼感,恶心、欲吐,曾呕吐胃内容物数次,每天发作数次,患者未重视。5小时前患者自觉上述症状加重,休息后无缓解来急诊,查心电图提示心房颤动,频发室性期前收缩,完全性左束支传导阻滞。患者平日活动量少,有嗳气、打嗝,偶有胸闷,食欲、睡眠差,大小便正常。有高血压病史10余年,平日服用北京降压0号,血压控制情况不详,5年前有胆囊切除手术史。

【查体】

P96次/分,BP136/104mmHg,神清,精神萎靡,推入病房。双肺呼吸音粗糙,未闻及干湿啰音。心浊音界无扩大,心率112次/分,律绝对不齐,第一心音强弱不等,各瓣膜听诊区未闻及病理性杂音。腹软,无压痛、反跳痛,双下肢轻度凹陷性水肿。

【辅助检查】

肌钙蛋白T0.96ng/ml。生化:CK‐MB 24﹒3U/L,LDH611U/L,CK307U/L,AST94.4U/L,血钾3.38mmol/L。心脏彩超:右心房42mm,双房增大,腱索水平以下左心室下壁变薄为5mm,运动幅度减低,左心室下壁所见考虑为心肌梗死所致,左心室收缩功能正常。胸片:双肺纹理增多,主动脉粥样硬化。心电图检查见图5‐28‐1和图5‐28‐2。


图5‐28‐1 急诊心电图:房颤,频发室性期前收缩,完全性左束支传导阻滞


图5‐28‐2 入院心电图:窦性心律,V4~V6导联ST段轻度压低

【初步诊断

冠心病、不稳定型心绞痛?非ST段抬高型心肌梗死?心房颤动、频发室性期前收缩、高血压3级(极高危)、心功能Ⅱ~Ⅲ级。

【诊治过程】

患者入院立即行冠状动脉造影检查,术中见冠状动脉右冠优势,左主干前三叉60%狭窄,前降支及多处病变,最重处75%狭窄,回旋支多处狭窄,最重处85%狭窄,右冠近段闭塞,于右冠球囊扩张植入支架2枚,术后患者上腹部疼痛症状有所改善,术后予抗凝、抗血小板、调脂、稳定斑块、减少心肌耗氧等治疗。

【最终确诊】

冠心病、非ST段抬高型心肌梗死、Killip2级、高血压3级(极高危)、糖尿病前期。

【鉴别诊断

有几种心脏和非心脏情况与非ST段抬高型心肌梗死相似。①慢性基础疾病,如主动脉狭窄或主动脉反流,但其心肌酶谱不会改变。②不同原因的心肌炎、心包炎可有胸痛,并且可有心脏标志物升高、心电图变化和室壁运动障碍,仔细追问病史,最终可以排除。还容易与肺栓塞、主动脉夹层等鉴别,肺栓塞可以查D‐二聚体,CT等可以排除,主动脉夹层CT可以排除。

【相关最新指南及诊治进展】

该患者心绞痛症状不典型,位于剑突下,反复发作,伴有消化道症状,如恶心、呕吐等,易误诊为消化道疾病。该患者首诊即在消化科就诊,查心电图发现完全性左束支传导阻滞,进一步完善心肌标志物检查,发现为急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死。对老年上腹部疼痛者,心电图出现完全性左束支传导阻滞,不能得知是否既往已有这样的心电图改变,需充分重视,不能忽略急性心肌梗死的可能。

评估患者为非ST段抬高型心肌梗死,确诊后可给予抗血小板双联或者三联治疗,静脉抗凝、抗栓治疗,复查其他生化标志物(如BNP、D‐二聚体)、持续或者重复的ST段监测、缺血危险评估、出血风险评估、抗心绞痛治疗等。对于老年患者和糖尿病患者,应充分评估肾功能,进行出血和缺血风险的评估及高危风险评估。已经证实心脏导管的血管重建能预防再发缺血和(或)改善短期及长期预后。已经发现一些危险因素能预测有创策略的长期获益。按照其风险程度,造影时间分为以下四类:①紧急介入治疗(首诊<120分钟):高危患者,如顽固性心绞痛,强化抗心绞痛治疗后仍反复发作心绞痛伴ST段压低(2mm)或者深T波倒置,临床心力衰竭症状或者血流动力学不稳定,危及生命的心律失常。②早期介入治疗(首诊<24小时):大多数患者最初对抗心绞痛治疗有反应,危险程度高,通过GRACE评估风险评分>140分和(或)存在至少1个高危标准。③介入策略:风险比较低的患者可以在72小时时间窗内行CAG。④保守策略:患者满足以下所有标准可视为低危,不常规接受早期有创评估:无胸痛发作、无心力衰竭、无肌钙蛋白水平升高、无可诱发心肌缺血、最初和第2次(就诊和之后6~9小时)无心电图异常。

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    2017-04-17 ylzr123

    好文,值得点赞,更值得收藏!慢慢领会学习的。

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1974314, encodeId=c18b19e43145d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=199c200660e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#上腹痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20066, encryptionId=199c200660e, topicName=上腹痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/22AEC2EC4805C29C6E1DEE6D888DB41C/100, createdBy=7a322500193, createdName=ms1779634646866130, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 23:54:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188087, encodeId=b4a918808ec8, content=好文,值得点赞,更值得收藏!慢慢领会学习的。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Mon Apr 17 07:23:02 CST 2017, time=2017-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1272252, encodeId=0e4612e2252b7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c01e85565e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#腹痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85565, encryptionId=c01e85565e8, topicName=腹痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e4aa106, createdName=crystal0562, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 07:54:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187282, encodeId=409818e28225, content=好文章,大家一起去学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Fri Apr 14 08:04:39 CST 2017, time=2017-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187218, encodeId=2f1a18e218a2, content=急诊心电图查还是不查, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/AiafG5m7kibldQyTnpaQicxg1rnBqFdIGgQBJJs4lR8ibmh91PibzgL7R7pl2HSBjgFeeKRV0mMCvDh49LrgJPCYYvA/132, createdBy=abc91707732, createdName=qjzhai1623, createdTime=Fri Apr 14 00:11:25 CST 2017, time=2017-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187156, encodeId=f79318e1567a, content=心脏病以腹痛就诊也不在少数。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzcjoLTEEgkSSQ8pVIiaf4a4INaoMLBV16QEk3dvvBRpicwIwmDGv0jePErJ4aE9ibVBDPtkialQLT9Bs/0, createdBy=04811949400, createdName=邓启付, createdTime=Thu Apr 13 19:01:31 CST 2017, time=2017-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-14 大爰

    好文章,大家一起去学习!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1974314, encodeId=c18b19e43145d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=199c200660e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#上腹痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20066, encryptionId=199c200660e, topicName=上腹痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/22AEC2EC4805C29C6E1DEE6D888DB41C/100, createdBy=7a322500193, createdName=ms1779634646866130, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 23:54:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188087, encodeId=b4a918808ec8, content=好文,值得点赞,更值得收藏!慢慢领会学习的。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Mon Apr 17 07:23:02 CST 2017, time=2017-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1272252, encodeId=0e4612e2252b7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c01e85565e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#腹痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85565, encryptionId=c01e85565e8, topicName=腹痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e4aa106, createdName=crystal0562, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 07:54:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187282, encodeId=409818e28225, content=好文章,大家一起去学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Fri Apr 14 08:04:39 CST 2017, time=2017-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187218, encodeId=2f1a18e218a2, content=急诊心电图查还是不查, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/AiafG5m7kibldQyTnpaQicxg1rnBqFdIGgQBJJs4lR8ibmh91PibzgL7R7pl2HSBjgFeeKRV0mMCvDh49LrgJPCYYvA/132, createdBy=abc91707732, createdName=qjzhai1623, createdTime=Fri Apr 14 00:11:25 CST 2017, time=2017-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187156, encodeId=f79318e1567a, content=心脏病以腹痛就诊也不在少数。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzcjoLTEEgkSSQ8pVIiaf4a4INaoMLBV16QEk3dvvBRpicwIwmDGv0jePErJ4aE9ibVBDPtkialQLT9Bs/0, createdBy=04811949400, createdName=邓启付, createdTime=Thu Apr 13 19:01:31 CST 2017, time=2017-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-14 qjzhai1623

    急诊心电图查还是不查

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1974314, encodeId=c18b19e43145d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=199c200660e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#上腹痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20066, encryptionId=199c200660e, topicName=上腹痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/22AEC2EC4805C29C6E1DEE6D888DB41C/100, createdBy=7a322500193, createdName=ms1779634646866130, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 23:54:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188087, encodeId=b4a918808ec8, content=好文,值得点赞,更值得收藏!慢慢领会学习的。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Mon Apr 17 07:23:02 CST 2017, time=2017-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1272252, encodeId=0e4612e2252b7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c01e85565e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#腹痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85565, encryptionId=c01e85565e8, topicName=腹痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e4aa106, createdName=crystal0562, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 07:54:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187282, encodeId=409818e28225, content=好文章,大家一起去学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Fri Apr 14 08:04:39 CST 2017, time=2017-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187218, encodeId=2f1a18e218a2, content=急诊心电图查还是不查, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/AiafG5m7kibldQyTnpaQicxg1rnBqFdIGgQBJJs4lR8ibmh91PibzgL7R7pl2HSBjgFeeKRV0mMCvDh49LrgJPCYYvA/132, createdBy=abc91707732, createdName=qjzhai1623, createdTime=Fri Apr 14 00:11:25 CST 2017, time=2017-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187156, encodeId=f79318e1567a, content=心脏病以腹痛就诊也不在少数。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzcjoLTEEgkSSQ8pVIiaf4a4INaoMLBV16QEk3dvvBRpicwIwmDGv0jePErJ4aE9ibVBDPtkialQLT9Bs/0, createdBy=04811949400, createdName=邓启付, createdTime=Thu Apr 13 19:01:31 CST 2017, time=2017-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-13 邓启付

    心脏病以腹痛就诊也不在少数。

    0

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