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Nat Commun:大脑中的体细胞突变与阿尔茨海默病有关

2019-07-17 小通 生物通

随着年龄的增长,体细胞突变在各种组织中积累。近日,韩国科学技术院(KAIST)的研究人员发现,大脑中出现的体细胞突变可能导致阿尔茨海默病的发生。

随着年龄的增长,体细胞突变在各种组织中积累。近日,韩国科学技术院(KAIST)的研究人员发现,大脑中出现的体细胞突变可能导致阿尔茨海默病的发生。



KAIST的Jeong Ho Lee及其同事对52例阿尔茨海默病患者和11例对照的大脑和血液样本进行外显子组测序,发现尽管体细胞突变在大脑中出现的速度较慢,但患病个体带有更多的体细胞突变,且集中在tau相关通路。过度磷酸化的tau蛋白组成神经原纤维缠结,这也是该病的特征之一。

“大脑体细胞突变随着年龄的增长而积累,可调节AD大脑海马结构中的tau病理学,”Lee及其同事在文中写道。这项成果于7月12日发表在《Nature Communications》上,为阿尔茨海默病的发病机制提供了新的见解。

研究人员利用激光捕获显微切割技术,从52例AD患者及11例对照的冷冻大脑组织中分离出海马神经细胞。他们对这些组织和匹配的血液样本进行深度的外显子组测序,希望能够检测到低水平的体细胞SNV。大脑样本的平均读取深度为565倍,血液样本为599倍。

利用体细胞突变检出工具MuTect,研究人员在大脑中发现了760个推测的SNV,并在血液样本中发现了2,846个推测的SNV。总体而言,阿尔茨海默病患者及对照之间的体细胞SNV数量没有差异,不过脑组织中的体细胞SNV往往比血液中少得多。

对于这两种组织,研究人员发现体细胞SNV都以年龄依赖的方式累积,正如预期一致。不过,他们估计血液中体细胞SNV的累积速度约是大脑的4.8倍。他们进一步计算出,海马和血液组织每年分别出现22个体细胞SNV和106个体细胞SNV。

对于从大脑样本中鉴定出的268个非同义体细胞SNV,研究人员发现65.3%是罕见的,并且预计是致病性的。他们发现,这些致病性的体细胞SNV集中在PI3K-AKT、MAPK和AMPK通路上。这些通路都可以调节tau激酶或磷酸酶活性,表明这些体细胞突变可能与阿尔茨海默病的tau失调有关。

研究人员注意到,一个可能影响tau蛋白磷酸化的基因是PIN1 – 一种肽基脯氨酰顺反异构酶。从小鼠实验中得知,这种蛋白质表达的缺失与年龄依赖性的tau过度磷酸化和神经原纤维缠结有关。

在此队列中,一名患者的PIN1携带了影响催化结构域的SNV。通过一系列的功能分析,研究人员发现这种PIN1改变导致蛋白质功能丧失,而PIN1的单倍剂量不足增加了tau磷酸化和蛋白聚集。

Lee及其同事在文中写道:“我们的研究为阿尔茨海默病以及其他散发性神经退行性疾病的分子遗传学病因提供了新的见解。”

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    2020-02-16 liye789132251
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    2019-11-03 liuli5079
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    2019-07-17 坚强007

    向挑战病魔的科研人员致敬!

    0

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