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Nat Genet:为什么有些肺癌容易出现脑转移?

2020-04-23 MedSci MedSci原创

我国每年新发肺癌病例有60多万,其中超过一半以上发现的时候就是晚期,这个时候就不能做手术切除肺癌病灶了。

我国每年新发肺癌病例有60多万,其中超过一半以上发现的时候就是晚期,这个时候就不能做手术切除肺癌病灶了。

肺癌脑转移是临床常见而严重的病情,也是肺癌治疗失败的常见原因之一。非小细胞肺癌患者在病程中约有30%左右发生脑转移,小细胞肺癌在作出诊断时约有20%的患者已有脑转移,其中以大细胞未分化癌和腺癌较多见,鳞癌次之。肺腺癌引起的脑转移(BM-LUAD)通常会导致患者死亡。

在晚期非小细胞肺癌的患者中,目前大概有80%左右的肺癌患者有可知的肿瘤驱动基因,并且80%的驱动基因可以使用相应的靶向药物。比如肺癌EGFR敏感突变可以使用易瑞沙、特罗凯等药物。肺癌脑转移发生率是比较高的,驱动基因阳性的肺癌患者这个数据会更高!一般初次诊断时能达到30%左右,在病程中甚至能达到50%。

脑转移瘤是从原发灶肿瘤转移到大脑的位置引起的。几乎占到脑转移瘤的半壁江山,本来肺癌发病率就排第一位,这脑转移发生率也不甘落后。但是,为什么有些肺癌容易发生脑转移呢?

为了鉴定促进脑转移的基因组改变,我们对73例BM-LUAD病例进行了全基因组测序。使用病例对照分析,我们通过鉴定与503个原发性LUAD相比在BM-LUAD中具有更频繁的拷贝数畸变的基因发现了脑转移的候选驱动因素。

我们在BM-LUAD中鉴定出三个扩增频率明显较高的区域,包括MYC(12对6%),YAP1(7对0.8%)和MMP13(10对0.6%),以及CDKN2A / B的缺失频率更高(27)。则为13%)。我们证实,在105例BM-LUAD患者的独立队列中,MYC,YAP1和MMP13的扩增频率升高。

Fig. 1: Newly identified candidate brain metastatic drivers targeted by amplifications or deletions.

Fig. 2: Co-mutation plot from the WES of brain metastasis patients.
  • Fig. 3: Phylogenetic analysis of copy-number drivers in brain metastasis and matched primary tumors.

在源自患者的异种移植小鼠模型中的功能评估证实了MYC,YAP1或MMP13过表达会增加脑转移发生率的观点。这些结果表明,体细胞的改变有助于脑转移,而且足够数量的转移性肿瘤的基因组测序可以揭示以前未知的转移驱动因子。

原始出处:

Shih David J H,Nayyar Naema,Bihun Ivanna et al. Genomic characterization of human brain metastases identifies drivers of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma.[J] .Nat. Genet., 2020, 52: 371-377.

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    2020-11-23 liye789132251
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    2020-07-18 canlab
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    2020-09-16 cy0324

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