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房间隔造口术治疗肺动脉高压 你get到了吗?

2018-05-31 熊长明 肺血管

女性患者,33岁,因活动后气短、心悸,后发生咳血入院。查体见,口唇发绀,心脏扩大,第二心音亢进﹑分裂,双下肢高度水肿。经心电图、超声心动图等检查,确诊为“特发性肺动脉高压”。但经强心﹑利尿﹑扩血管﹑抗凝﹑吸氧等综合治疗后,效果不佳。遂进行房间隔球囊造口术。术后患者肺动脉压能下降到正常状态吗?血流动力学会有明显改善吗?详见以下病例。

女性患者,33岁,因活动后气短、心悸,后发生咳血入院。查体见,口唇发绀,心脏扩大,第二心音亢进﹑分裂,双下肢高度水肿。经心电图、超声心动图等检查,确诊为“特发性肺动脉高压”。但经强心﹑利尿﹑扩血管﹑抗凝﹑吸氧等综合治疗后,效果不佳。遂进行房间隔球囊造口术。术后患者肺动脉压能下降到正常状态吗?血流动力学会有明显改善吗?详见以下病例。

临床资料】

患者,女,33岁。活动后感胸闷﹑心悸,下肢水肿伴反复晕厥3年。1年前劳累后突然晕倒,不省人事,以后气短进行性加重,半年前开始咯血。于2001年9月收入我院。

查体:BP 90/70mmHg,R 35次/分﹑HR 102次/分,口唇发绀,心脏扩大,第二心音亢进﹑分裂,心尖部可闻及3/6级收缩期杂音。肝于肋下4.5cm,双下肢高度水肿。入院后经心电图﹑超声心动图﹑放射性核素肺灌注通气显像和肺动脉增强CT等检查,确诊为特发性肺动脉高压,慢性肺源性心脏病,心功能Ⅲ级。经过强心﹑利尿﹑扩血管﹑抗凝﹑吸氧等综合治疗,效果不佳。

于2001年9月25日行房间隔球囊造口术。在局麻下穿刺右股静脉,行右心导管检查,测各部位血氧饱和度及压力。在超声引导下行房间隔穿刺,送入4mm球囊扩张1次,随之送入8mm球囊扩张1次,再次测定各部位血氧饱和度及压力。术后6小时肝素抗凝,以后改为华法林抗凝。

术后1个月患者来院复查。在观察期间,患者无晕厥,呼吸困难明显减轻,水肿消失,心功能Ⅱ级。踏车运动试验从5.4分增加到7.8分。X线胸片示:心胸比率明显缩小(从0.66降至0.57)。血气分析提示,体动脉血氧饱和度下降(由96.8%降至91.7%)。Hb升高(由147g/L升至163g/L)。超声心动图示,左心室射血分数明显升高(从58%升至67%)。随访时测得房间隔造口直径为6mm。肺活量及最大通气量明显增加(从75L增至92.5L),时间肺活量1秒率从70%增至74%,弥散功能也有提高。血流动力学检查轻度好转,但不显著,肺循环阻力略下降,心排血量无变化。

【讨论】

特发性肺动脉高压目前没有特效治疗方法,该病预后凶险,死亡率高,如不经治疗,平均生存时间仅为2~3年。文献报道有卵圆孔开放的特发性肺动脉高压患者较未开放者的存活时间要长。参考国外文献,我们在国内首次采用房间隔球囊造口术治疗了l例房间隔完整的特发性肺动脉高压患者,并取得初步疗效。手术后,该患者临床症状明显缓解,无创性检查的各项结果也提示有显著的改善。房间的通路造成血液从右向左的分流,增加了心脏的输出量,晕厥症状得以缓解,又使循环血量增多,氧的运输改善。然而,房间的通路却使体动脉氧饱和度下降,循环血量增加,结果是肺动脉压力不可能下降显著,这也许是血流动力学改善不明显的原因。房间隔造口术是一种姑息治疗方法,不能根治肺动脉高压。不过,这种方法在一定阶段改善了患者的临床症状,提高了生活质量,又为有条件等待心肺移植手术的患者提供了时间,对于原不适合用血管扩张药的患者,术后还可以再次用药。鉴于目前临床对重症肺动脉高压无特效治疗,可以认为房间隔球囊造口术提供了一条新的途径。

但是该术式的死亡率高,根据已发表的数字估计为15%(在不同的中心该数字的波动范围是5%~50%)。死亡率取决于接受手术患者的肺动脉高压和右心衰竭的严重程度。由于存在较高死亡率,因此该术式仅用于充分药物治疗无效的病危患者,并在有经验的中心进行。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1925237, encodeId=db11192523ee0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26d633354c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉高压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33354, encryptionId=26d633354c9, topicName=动脉高压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Sun Jun 17 03:28:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1585225, encodeId=64df158522536, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=08aa949e01c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#造口术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94970, encryptionId=08aa949e01c, topicName=造口术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3d8b17134701, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Sat Jun 02 08:28:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1050800, encodeId=caea1050800a4, content=肺动脉高压表面是罕见病,事实上临床上并不少见,治疗药物虽然有一些,但是整体仍然不理解,可能未来需要采用综合治疗措施。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=明天jing, createdTime=Thu May 31 20:28:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=320303, encodeId=a4d132030377, content=^_^^_^^_^, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Swp2ehfHpiciczeTntUyQOlIGMzQ705ic67sdMTVMbwTv7KbmlUvxrGvRSvQZjPkz7ib5tEDfIaORgczPtmHDpwojg/0, createdBy=c54b2163125, createdName=wqkm, createdTime=Thu May 31 18:28:07 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1925237, encodeId=db11192523ee0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26d633354c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉高压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33354, encryptionId=26d633354c9, topicName=动脉高压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Sun Jun 17 03:28:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1585225, encodeId=64df158522536, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=08aa949e01c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#造口术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94970, encryptionId=08aa949e01c, topicName=造口术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3d8b17134701, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Sat Jun 02 08:28:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1050800, encodeId=caea1050800a4, content=肺动脉高压表面是罕见病,事实上临床上并不少见,治疗药物虽然有一些,但是整体仍然不理解,可能未来需要采用综合治疗措施。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=明天jing, createdTime=Thu May 31 20:28:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=320303, encodeId=a4d132030377, content=^_^^_^^_^, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Swp2ehfHpiciczeTntUyQOlIGMzQ705ic67sdMTVMbwTv7KbmlUvxrGvRSvQZjPkz7ib5tEDfIaORgczPtmHDpwojg/0, createdBy=c54b2163125, createdName=wqkm, createdTime=Thu May 31 18:28:07 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-31 明天jing

    肺动脉高压表面是罕见病,事实上临床上并不少见,治疗药物虽然有一些,但是整体仍然不理解,可能未来需要采用综合治疗措施。

    0

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    2018-05-31 wqkm

    ^_^^_^^_^

    0

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