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诊断糖尿病,用血糖或HbA1c?

2016-02-05 MedSci 检验医学网

要点:在诊断2型糖尿病和确定糖尿病高危人群过程中,糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)可作为血糖浓度的替代指标。临床医生应意识到在某些情况下可能不适宜使用HbA1c,包括可疑1型糖尿病、妊娠、内科急症、和肾衰竭。同时应注意有些疾病可能会影响HbA1c检测结果,例如异常血红蛋白和贫血。不建议在同一例患者随访中同时常规测量血糖和HbA1c。患者男性,48岁,因“乏力伴尿频12月”入院。既往体健,血压145/

要点:

在诊断2型糖尿病和确定糖尿病高危人群过程中,糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)可作为血糖浓度的替代指标。

临床医生应意识到在某些情况下可能不适宜使用HbA1c,包括可疑1型糖尿病、妊娠、内科急症、和肾衰竭。同时应注意有些疾病可能会影响HbA1c检测结果,例如异常血红蛋白和贫血。不建议在同一例患者随访中同时常规测量血糖和HbA1c。

患者男性,48岁,因“乏力伴尿频12月”入院。既往体健,血压145/85mmHg,体重指数29kg/m2。

有2型糖尿病家族史,患者父亲在65岁时被诊断为2型糖尿病,并且,患者祖母在60岁时因足趾坏疽住院治疗期间被发现有糖尿病。

患者尿液试纸检查显示无葡萄糖、酮体、蛋白质、红细胞、白细胞和亚硝酸盐。

下一步该检查什么?

所有可能导致乏力的原因都应考虑在内,但是,结合患者症状,及其易患2型糖尿病的危险因素,包括糖尿病家族史和体型超重,首先需要排除糖尿病诊断。临床工作中,当使用经过验证的风险评估工具进行评估,确定为2型糖尿病高危人群时,不论患者是否有症状,都应进一步行糖尿病试验。

用血糖诊断糖尿病?

自20世纪初以来,临床医生一直依据患者血液中葡萄糖浓度测量值来诊断糖尿病。而且,通常使用空腹血浆葡萄糖浓度来诊断糖尿病,当需要时,还可使用口服葡萄糖负荷后2小时血浆葡萄糖浓度。但是,在那些血糖明显升高的患者,特别是有症状的患者,随机血糖(餐后血糖)测量值就足以诊断糖尿病。

众所周知,目前世界卫生组织(WHO)确定的糖尿病诊断血糖阈值,主要依据发生糖尿病微血管病变高危人群的血糖水平,尤其是糖尿病视网膜病变。 在非妊娠成年人中,当空腹血糖浓度位于正常值和显性糖尿病之间,也就是空腹血糖受损(血糖浓度6.1~6.9mmol/l)时,是进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验的主要指征。葡萄糖负荷后2小时血糖测量值可以帮助区分单纯空腹血糖受损与空腹血糖受损合并糖耐量异常(血糖浓度7.8~11.1mmol/l)患者,而且还可以诊断那些单纯餐后血糖升高的糖尿病患者(餐后2小时血糖≥11.1mmol/l)。

用HbA1c诊断2型糖尿病?

测量空腹血糖通常需要整夜禁食;如果需要进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验,其过程较为繁琐,费时,而且成本高,可以看出,通过测量血糖来诊断糖尿病极为不便。为此,尽管尚有争议,但是,近年来越来越多的学术组织考虑HbA1c是否能有效替代血糖,作为糖尿病诊断指标。除了不需要患者整夜禁食外,与血糖相比,HbA1c测量值还有多个潜在优势,包括HbA1c可反映之前数周的血糖水平,而不仅仅是单一时间点血糖水平。

随着HbA1c测量全球标准化的进展,2011年,WHO发布通知,推荐使用HbA1c阈值48mmol/mol(6.5%)及以上用于2型糖尿病的诊断,但是,WHO没有给出HbA1c低于48mmol/mol的具体指导意见。自那以后,英国七家临床专业机构和国民健康服务组织组成的专家委员会达成共识,推荐必须在确认HbA1c值升高后,才能做出糖尿病诊断。同时,这个专家委员会还引进了一个新的分类,当患者HbA1c值在42~47mmol/mol(6.0~6.4%)之间时 ,认定为是糖尿病高危人群。

何时不能用HbA1c诊断糖尿病?

HbA1c一个主要的优势是可以反映患者之前的血糖水平,但同时,HbA1c也有缺点,例如,当患者血糖短期内快速升高时,HbA1c水平升高可能会落后于血糖。这也是为何可疑1型糖尿病不适宜使用HbA1c诊断糖尿病的原因。此外,大多数实验室检测血糖比检测HbA1c快得多,因此,在急诊使用HbA1c诊断糖尿病可能会导致延迟诊断。

肾衰竭(慢性肾脏疾病5期)患者的病情比较复杂,常常合并溶血、铁缺乏和慢性炎症性贫血,而且,尿素氮也可与糖化血红蛋白结合形成氨甲酰血红蛋白,这些都可对HbA1c测量值产生影响。除此以外,HIV的一些治疗方案也可能会影响HbA1c测量值,且与血糖无关。并且,由于HbA1c对不良产科结局的预测价值不如血糖,因此,在判断孕妇是否合并妊娠糖尿病时,也不推荐使用HbA1c测量值。

使用HbA1c诊断糖尿病的注意事项

何种情况不适宜使用HbA1c诊断糖尿病在上文已详细叙述,但是,当患者患有异常血红蛋白病,或者合并可影响红细胞寿命的疾病时,也应谨慎使用HbA1c诊断糖尿病。例如,血红蛋白E与血糖结合可形成HbE1c,而不是HbA1c,按照当前实验室使用的HbA1c测量方法,可能会产生一个错误的HbA1c测量值。

与血糖测量值相比,溶血性贫血可导致HbA1c水平降低,缺铁性贫血可导致HbA1c水平升高,而且,缺铁性贫血对诊断糖尿病的HbA1c阈值影响有多大目前仍不清楚。脾切除后,红细胞的寿命常常增加,这也可导致HbA1c测量值升高。

随着年龄的增加,HbA1c水平也在升高,并且,这无法通过空腹血糖或糖负荷后2小时血糖浓度变化来解释。此外,加勒比黑人和亚洲人的HbA1c水平高于高加索人,这也无法通过口服葡萄糖耐量试验结果来解释。然而,这些情况对使用HbA1c诊断糖尿病是否有影响仍不确定。

诊断糖尿病,用血糖或HbA1c?

依据HbA1c或血糖标准都可给出2型糖尿病的诊断。然而,在同一个体中,血糖和HbA1c结果可能会不完全一致。考虑到这个原因,英国共识建议,对同一例患者的随访过程中,仅使用血糖和HbA1c中的一种来诊断糖尿病,而不要交叉使用。因此,假如HbA1c提示一例患者为糖尿病高危人群,随后对这例患者的随访中应使用HbA1c诊断糖尿病,而不是血糖。唯一的例外是,假如患者最初使用HbA1c测量值筛查糖尿病,随后证实这例患者不适宜使用HbA1c,这时就需要改用血糖来诊断糖尿病。

结局

这例患者HbA1c测量值为44mmol/mol(6.2%),因此,将这例患者归类为糖尿病高危人群,给予其糖尿病生活方式指导,并评估其心血管危险因素。计划每年测量一次HbA1c,并要求患者在测量HbA1c前汇报糖尿病症状是否有加重。

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    2016-06-11 Smile2680
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    2016-03-17 任然

    糖化不是不能诊断么

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2015903, encodeId=c7302015903ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=33108494c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HbA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8494, encryptionId=33108494c1, topicName=HbA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c48a270, createdName=Smile2680, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=70136, encodeId=b544e01369b, content=糖化不是不能诊断么, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9a01693879, createdName=任然, createdTime=Thu Mar 17 13:25:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63660, encodeId=3c6a636605a, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63661, encodeId=5c2c6366133, content=了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63662, encodeId=68d46366284, content=。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63659, encodeId=b2eb6365908, content=呵呵, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63632, encodeId=e51d6363235, content=学习好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sun Feb 07 16:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63504, encodeId=8c286350463, content=FBG,2hPBG,HbA1c在糖尿病的诊断,评估时都有必要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sat Feb 06 12:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63469, encodeId=7e0c634691a, content=我们国内一直以空腹血糖作为他那边的诊断标准这背后是有原因的,主要是几个大厂家,卖的血糖仪,在国际上早用糖化血红蛋白作为诊断标准, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Fri Feb 05 19:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63335, encodeId=50ae6333537, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4a6b1686125, createdName=1de47ca2m12(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Feb 05 11:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-02-07 1de48a27m96(暂无匿称)

    非常好

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2015903, encodeId=c7302015903ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=33108494c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HbA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8494, encryptionId=33108494c1, topicName=HbA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c48a270, createdName=Smile2680, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=70136, encodeId=b544e01369b, content=糖化不是不能诊断么, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9a01693879, createdName=任然, createdTime=Thu Mar 17 13:25:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63660, encodeId=3c6a636605a, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63661, encodeId=5c2c6366133, content=了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63662, encodeId=68d46366284, content=。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63659, encodeId=b2eb6365908, content=呵呵, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63632, encodeId=e51d6363235, content=学习好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sun Feb 07 16:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63504, encodeId=8c286350463, content=FBG,2hPBG,HbA1c在糖尿病的诊断,评估时都有必要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sat Feb 06 12:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63469, encodeId=7e0c634691a, content=我们国内一直以空腹血糖作为他那边的诊断标准这背后是有原因的,主要是几个大厂家,卖的血糖仪,在国际上早用糖化血红蛋白作为诊断标准, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Fri Feb 05 19:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63335, encodeId=50ae6333537, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4a6b1686125, createdName=1de47ca2m12(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Feb 05 11:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-02-07 1de48a27m96(暂无匿称)

    了解

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2015903, encodeId=c7302015903ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=33108494c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HbA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8494, encryptionId=33108494c1, topicName=HbA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c48a270, createdName=Smile2680, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=70136, encodeId=b544e01369b, content=糖化不是不能诊断么, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9a01693879, createdName=任然, createdTime=Thu Mar 17 13:25:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63660, encodeId=3c6a636605a, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63661, encodeId=5c2c6366133, content=了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63662, encodeId=68d46366284, content=。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63659, encodeId=b2eb6365908, content=呵呵, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63632, encodeId=e51d6363235, content=学习好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sun Feb 07 16:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63504, encodeId=8c286350463, content=FBG,2hPBG,HbA1c在糖尿病的诊断,评估时都有必要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sat Feb 06 12:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63469, encodeId=7e0c634691a, content=我们国内一直以空腹血糖作为他那边的诊断标准这背后是有原因的,主要是几个大厂家,卖的血糖仪,在国际上早用糖化血红蛋白作为诊断标准, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Fri Feb 05 19:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63335, encodeId=50ae6333537, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4a6b1686125, createdName=1de47ca2m12(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Feb 05 11:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-02-07 1de48a27m96(暂无匿称)

    。。。

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2015903, encodeId=c7302015903ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=33108494c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HbA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8494, encryptionId=33108494c1, topicName=HbA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c48a270, createdName=Smile2680, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=70136, encodeId=b544e01369b, content=糖化不是不能诊断么, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9a01693879, createdName=任然, createdTime=Thu Mar 17 13:25:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63660, encodeId=3c6a636605a, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63661, encodeId=5c2c6366133, content=了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63662, encodeId=68d46366284, content=。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63659, encodeId=b2eb6365908, content=呵呵, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63632, encodeId=e51d6363235, content=学习好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sun Feb 07 16:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63504, encodeId=8c286350463, content=FBG,2hPBG,HbA1c在糖尿病的诊断,评估时都有必要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sat Feb 06 12:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63469, encodeId=7e0c634691a, content=我们国内一直以空腹血糖作为他那边的诊断标准这背后是有原因的,主要是几个大厂家,卖的血糖仪,在国际上早用糖化血红蛋白作为诊断标准, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Fri Feb 05 19:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63335, encodeId=50ae6333537, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4a6b1686125, createdName=1de47ca2m12(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Feb 05 11:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-02-07 1de48a27m96(暂无匿称)

    呵呵

    0

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    2016-02-07 忠诚向上

    学习好好学习

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2015903, encodeId=c7302015903ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=33108494c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HbA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8494, encryptionId=33108494c1, topicName=HbA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c48a270, createdName=Smile2680, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=70136, encodeId=b544e01369b, content=糖化不是不能诊断么, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9a01693879, createdName=任然, createdTime=Thu Mar 17 13:25:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63660, encodeId=3c6a636605a, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63661, encodeId=5c2c6366133, content=了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63662, encodeId=68d46366284, content=。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63659, encodeId=b2eb6365908, content=呵呵, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63632, encodeId=e51d6363235, content=学习好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sun Feb 07 16:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63504, encodeId=8c286350463, content=FBG,2hPBG,HbA1c在糖尿病的诊断,评估时都有必要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sat Feb 06 12:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63469, encodeId=7e0c634691a, content=我们国内一直以空腹血糖作为他那边的诊断标准这背后是有原因的,主要是几个大厂家,卖的血糖仪,在国际上早用糖化血红蛋白作为诊断标准, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Fri Feb 05 19:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63335, encodeId=50ae6333537, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4a6b1686125, createdName=1de47ca2m12(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Feb 05 11:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-02-06 医者仁心5538

    FBG,2hPBG,HbA1c在糖尿病的诊断,评估时都有必要。

    0

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    2016-02-05 lovetcm

    我们国内一直以空腹血糖作为他那边的诊断标准这背后是有原因的,主要是几个大厂家,卖的血糖仪,在国际上早用糖化血红蛋白作为诊断标准

    0

  10. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2015903, encodeId=c7302015903ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=33108494c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HbA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8494, encryptionId=33108494c1, topicName=HbA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c48a270, createdName=Smile2680, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=70136, encodeId=b544e01369b, content=糖化不是不能诊断么, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9a01693879, createdName=任然, createdTime=Thu Mar 17 13:25:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63660, encodeId=3c6a636605a, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63661, encodeId=5c2c6366133, content=了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63662, encodeId=68d46366284, content=。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63659, encodeId=b2eb6365908, content=呵呵, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33591686340, createdName=1de48a27m96(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Feb 07 17:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63632, encodeId=e51d6363235, content=学习好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sun Feb 07 16:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63504, encodeId=8c286350463, content=FBG,2hPBG,HbA1c在糖尿病的诊断,评估时都有必要。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sat Feb 06 12:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63469, encodeId=7e0c634691a, content=我们国内一直以空腹血糖作为他那边的诊断标准这背后是有原因的,主要是几个大厂家,卖的血糖仪,在国际上早用糖化血红蛋白作为诊断标准, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Fri Feb 05 19:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63335, encodeId=50ae6333537, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4a6b1686125, createdName=1de47ca2m12(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Feb 05 11:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-02-05 1de47ca2m12(暂无匿称)

    文章不错

    0

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荷兰马斯特里赫特大学的研究者对2497名参与者进行了一项横断面研究,探究久坐不动与糖代谢状态和代谢综合征的关系。参与者中52%的为男性,平均年龄60.0 ± 8.1岁,所有参与者连续8*24小时都穿戴着activPAL加速度计。研究者获取了参与者每天久坐不动的时间,久坐时间减少和延长(≥30分钟)的天数,还有久坐的平均持续时间。为了确定糖代谢状态,参与者进行了口服葡萄糖耐量试验。采用多项逻辑回归分

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